Population-Based Studies in Ophthalmology
Abstract
Purpose To review major findings of population-based studies in ophthalmology, to summarize key questions, and to highlight future directions for this study design.Design Summary and critical analysis of major population-based studies in eye diseases.Methods Literature review and interpretation.Results In the last 30 years, there have been many population-based studies in ophthalmology conducted in the United States and other countries around the world. These studies have provided information on the epidemiology of visual loss and the major eye diseases associated with visual loss; the risk factors; and the socioeconomic burden of eye disease. Population-based studies remain the most valid to determine the prevalence and incidence of a disease, and the population-attributable risk of new risk factors, including the interaction of genetic markers with systemic and environmental factors. Repeated surveys over time may also demonstrate impact of preventive strategies.Conclusions Population-based studies have provided substantial data on the frequency and impact of the major eye diseases in the community. This study design will continue to have an important role in addressing key questions of why eye diseases occur, who is at highest risk, and what preventive and therapeutic strategies are necessary to eliminate these diseases.
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Large, epidemiological, cohort studies remove temporal or causal ambiguity because exposure precedes disease, and if follow-up is not biased, selection bias is less of a problem than in other study designs.
“Large, epidemiological, cohort studies had the advantage over other study designs in that they removed any temporal or causal ambiguity as the exposure precedes the disease and if follow-up is not biased selection bias is less of a problem than in other study designs [90].”
From Clinical risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2010) · cites this paper as [90]
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- Authors
- Wong, T. Y., & Hyman, L.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Stony Brook University Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wong, Tien Y.
- Venue
- American Journal of Ophthalmology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-11
- Volume
- 146
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 656-663
- ISSN
- 0002-9394 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2135990638
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 0.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Glaucoma and retinal disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Keywords
- population-based study, eye diseases, vision loss, eye disease epidemiology, incidence and prevalence, risk factors, socioeconomic burden, population attributable risk, genetic markers, preventive strategies, cross-sectional survey
- MeSH terms
- Cataract, Diabetic Retinopathy, Eye Diseases, Glaucoma, Humans, Macular Degeneration, United States, Vision Disorders, Global Health, Incidence, Prevalence
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