Senile macular degeneration: a case-control study

HYMAN, LESLIE G.; LILIENFELD, ABRAHAM M.; FERRIS, FREDERICK L.; FINE, STUART L.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113629

Cited by 588Retinal Diseases and TreatmentsRetinal Imaging and AnalysisRetinal Development and Disorders

Senile macular degeneration: a case-control study

HYMAN, LESLIE G., LILIENFELD, ABRAHAM M., FERRIS, FREDERICK L., FINE, STUART L.·1983·American Journal of Epidemiology

DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113629

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Abstract

Senile macular degeneration, although a leading cause of visual loss in the United States, remains a poorly understood disease. To assess the effects of host and environmental factors on this condition, a study of 228 cases and 237 controls matched by age and sex, who had visited any of 34 Baltimore ophthalmologists between September 1, 1978 and March 31, 1980, was conducted. Study participants were interviewed for past medical, residential, occupational, smoking and family histories, as well as social and demographic factors. Diagnoses were validated by means of fundus photographs. The 162 cases and 175 controls who met the study diagnostic criteria for cases and controls were included in the analysis. Statistically significant associations were demonstrated between senile macular degeneration and family history of macular disease (odds ratio (OR) = 2.9), chemical work exposures (OR = 4.2), blue or medium pigmented eyes (OR = 3.5), history of one or more cardiovascular diseases (OR = 1.7), decreased hand grip strength, and hyperopia. The risk of macular degeneration in cigarette smokers was significant for males only (OR = 2.6). The study results suggest that the development of macular degeneration is mainly influenced by familial, genetic, and personal characteristics, rather than by the few environmental factors studied. Additional studies are needed to further evaluate the role of environmental factors.

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Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for age-related macular degeneration, confirmed by case-control, population-based, and prospective studies.
“Results from a number of case-control studies,28–33 population-based studies,34–36 and prospective studies of both physicians37 and nurses38 strongly confirm cigarette smoking as a risk factor for age-related macular degeneration.”
From Age-related macular degeneration (2008) · cites this paper as [30]
Blue iris colour has been inconsistently implicated as a risk factor for age-related macular degeneration and has been considered a possible marker for pigment content in the retinal pigment epithelium.
“Blue iris colour has been inconsistently implicated as a risk factor for age-related macular degeneration and has been considered a possible marker for pigment content in the retinal pigment epithelium.109,110”
From Age-related macular degeneration (2008) · cites this paper as [109]

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Authors: HYMAN, L. G., LILIENFELD, A. M., FERRIS, F. L., & FINE, S. L.
Affiliations: State University of New York (US)
Johns Hopkins University (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: HYMAN, LESLIE G.
ORCID: HYMAN, LESLIE G.
FERRIS, FREDERICK L.
Venue: American Journal of Epidemiology
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1983-08
Volume: 118
Issue: 2
Pages: 213-227
ISSN: 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
1476-6256
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113629
OpenAlex: W2147440920
Cited by: 587
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 9.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
Keywords: senile macular degeneration, risk factors, family history (medicine), genetic susceptibility, chemical exposure, occupational exposure, eye pigmentation, cardiovascular disease, grip strength, hyperopia, smoking, vision loss
MeSH terms: Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Environmental Exposure, Eye Color, Female, Humans, Macular Degeneration, Male, Maryland, Refractive Errors, Risk, Sex Factors, Smoking

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Senile macular degeneration: a case-control study

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