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Cited by 498

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Tear Cytokine Profiles in Dysfunctional Tear Syndrome

Open access
Lam, Helene, Bleiden, Lauren, de Paiva, Cintia S., Farley, William, Stern, Michael E., Pflugfelder, Stephen C.·2009·American Journal of Ophthalmology

Abstract

Purpose to compare tear cytokine and chemokine concentrations in asymptomatic control and dysfunctional tear syndrome (DTS) patients and determine the correlations between tear inflammatory mediators and clinical severity. Design Prospective observational cohort study Methods Concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF), interleukin (IL) - 1α, 1β, 6, 10, 12 and 13, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and chemokines: IL-8 (CXC), MIP-1α (CCL3) and RANTES (CCL5) were measured by a multiplex immunobead assay in an asymptomatic control group and DTS patients with and without MGD. Spearman correlations between tear cytokines and severity of irritation symptoms and ocular surface signs were calculated. Results Tear concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were significantly higher in DTS with and without MGD and EGF was significantly reduced in the DTS without MGD group compared to the control group. MIP-1α was greater in entire DTS and DTS without MGD groups than the control group and RANTES was greater in DTS with MGD than the control and DTS without MGD groups. IL-12 was significantly higher in the DTS with MGD than the DTS without MGD subgroup. Significant correlations were observed between IL-6 and irritation symptoms and between a number of cytokines and chemokines and clinical parameters. Conclusions As predicted, patients with DTS have higher levels of inflammatory mediators in their tears that show correlation with clinical disease parameters. Furthermore, different tear cytokine/chemokine profiles were observed in DTS patients with and without MGD groups.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.08.032

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Metadata

Authors
Lam, H., Bleiden, L., de Paiva, C. S., Farley, W., Stern, M. E., & Pflugfelder, S. C.
Venue
American Journal of Ophthalmology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-02
Volume
147
Issue
2
Pages
198-205.e1
ISSN
0002-9394 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2052808939
Cited by
498
References
24
FWCI
15.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Tear Cytokine Profiles in Dysfunctional Tear Syndrome. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.ajo.2008.08.032
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Lam, H., Bleiden, L., de Paiva, C. S., Farley, W., Stern, M. E., & Pflugfelder, S. C. (2009). Tear Cytokine Profiles in Dysfunctional Tear Syndrome. American Journal of Ophthalmology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2008.08.032

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