Comparison between different strategies for the realization of flashing-light effects – Pneumatic mixing and flashing illumination
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The relative contribution of green light to the local polychromatic light intensity increases along the light path and its weak absorbance causes a flattening of the spatial light intensity gradient.
“The relative contribution of green light to the local polychromatic light intensity increases along the light path [26,80] and its weak absorbance causes a flattening of the spatial light intensity gradient [13,81].”
From Modeling and Simulation of Photobioreactors with Computational Fluid Dynamics—A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
The practical relevance of the flashing-light effect is still under discussion.
“Even though many researchers investigated this 'flashing-light effect' [26,95,98-100], its practical relevance is still under discussion [26,101,102].”
From Modeling and Simulation of Photobioreactors with Computational Fluid Dynamics—A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
One can mainly distinguish between two approaches for light transfer modeling: one-dimensional model equations and the Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE).
“One can mainly distinguish between two approaches: firstly, one-dimensional model equations which enable quick and simple estimates of the light intensity with respect to the distance from the light source [23,24,31,36,39,41,43,125] and secondly, the Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) [18,26-28,34], whose solution requires the application of numerical methods.”
From Modeling and Simulation of Photobioreactors with Computational Fluid Dynamics—A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
The purpose of the listed models covers a variety of applications, including mechanistic understanding, investigations on flashing-light effect, design optimization, and optimization of operating conditions.
“The purpose of the listed models covers a variety of applications, including the mechanistic understanding of photobioreactors [17-21], investigations on the flashing-light effect [22-31], photobioreactor design optimization [21,22,29,32-42] and optimization of operating conditions [26,34-36,43-45].”
From Modeling and Simulation of Photobioreactors with Computational Fluid Dynamics—A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
Microalgae cells are mostly modeled as discrete objects in photobioreactor CFD models.
“In contrast, microalgae cells are mostly modeled as discrete objects [23,24,26-29,31,34,36-38,136].”
From Modeling and Simulation of Photobioreactors with Computational Fluid Dynamics—A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
Some researchers selected solving the full RTE numerically in one or more dimensions.
“Instead of using simplified or analytical models, some researchers selected the second approach, which is solving the full RTE numerically in one or more dimensions [18,21,26-28,34].”
From Modeling and Simulation of Photobioreactors with Computational Fluid Dynamics—A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
While most researchers neglect the spectral nature of light, some authors did consider it.
“While most researchers neglect the spectral nature of light, some authors did consider it [18,26,39].”
From Modeling and Simulation of Photobioreactors with Computational Fluid Dynamics—A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
The situation is different for cells since their presence has a negligible effect on the liquid flow so that a manageable number of cells as representatives of the culture can be included in a simulation model.
“The situation is different for cells since their presence has an negligible effect on the liquid flow so that a manageable number of cells as representatives of the culture can be included in a simulation model [24,26].”
From Modeling and Simulation of Photobioreactors with Computational Fluid Dynamics—A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
The majority of gas-liquid flows in photobioreactor CFD models are modeled in the Eulerian-Eulerian formulation, as two interpenetrating continua.
“According to Table 1, the majority of gas-liquid flows is modeled in the EulerianEulerian formulation [18,25-27,29-31,39-42,45,125,135,136], thus, as two interpenetrating continua.”
From Modeling and Simulation of Photobioreactors with Computational Fluid Dynamics—A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
The most commonly used drag models for gas-liquid flows in photobioreactor models are the Schiller-Naumann, Grace, Ishii-Zuber and Tomiyama models.
“According to Table 2, the most commonly used drag models for gas-liquid flows are the Schiller-Naumann [17,25,27,29], Grace [45,135], Ishii-Zuber [18,19,26,136] and Tomiyama models [30,31,125]”
From Modeling and Simulation of Photobioreactors with Computational Fluid Dynamics—A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
It is possible to consider absorbed light instead of light intensity, and therefore the wavelength-dependency of light and cellular absorption characteristics.
“It is possible to consider absorbed light instead of light intensity [26,124] and therefore the wavelength-dependency of light and the cellular absorption characteristics.”
From Modeling and Simulation of Photobioreactors with Computational Fluid Dynamics—A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
Researchers recently are more inclined to utilize the RTE to predict light propagation in photobioreactors.
“While in earlier publications Lambert's law and its modifications were frequently applied, researchers recently are more inclined to utilize the RTE to predict light propagation in photobioreactors [26,84,133,196,202], which is justified by its higher accuracy [79,133].”
From Modeling and Simulation of Photobioreactors with Computational Fluid Dynamics—A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
For simulation of light transfer in microalgae cultures, the Henyey-Greenstein phase function is frequently applied.
“For the simulation of light transfer in microalgae cultures the Henyey-Greenstein phase function is frequently applied [18,26,78,84,188,201].”
From Modeling and Simulation of Photobioreactors with Computational Fluid Dynamics—A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
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Innovative cultivation solutions and technologies
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- Authors
- Luzi, G., McHardy, C., Lindenberger, C., Rauh, C., & Delgado, A.
- Affiliations
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Technische Universität Berlin (DE)
- Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Amberg-Weiden (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Luzi, Giovanni
- Venue
- Algal Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-03
- Volume
- 38
- Pages
- 101404
- ISSN
- 2211-9264 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2908656206
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 0.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Algal Research (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (03SF0457)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Fluid Dynamics and Mixing
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control
- Keywords
- flashing lights, photobioreactors, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, microalgae cultivation, bubble column, radiative transfer equation, light field, photosynthesis kinetics, LED lighting, duty cycle, photoinhibition
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