Adherence to the 2008 Adult Physical Activity Guidelines and Mortality Risk

Schoenborn, Charlotte A.; Stommel, Manfred

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2010.12.029

Cited by 126Physical Activity and HealthCardiovascular and exercise physiologyObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

Adherence to the 2008 Adult Physical Activity Guidelines and Mortality Risk

Schoenborn, Charlotte A., Stommel, Manfred·2011·American Journal of Preventive Medicine

DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.12.029

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background Mortality differentials by level and intensity of physical activity have been widely documented. A comprehensive review of scientific evidence of the health benefits of physical activity led the USDHHS to issue new Federal Guidelines for physical activity in 2008. Reductions in mortality risk associated with adherence to these Guidelines among the general U.S. adult population have not yet been studied.Purpose This study compared the relative mortality risks of U.S. adults who met the 2008 Guidelines with adults who did not meet the recommendations.Methods Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the relative mortality risks of U.S. adults aged ≥18 years, using data from the 1997-2004 National Health Interview Survey and linked mortality records for deaths occurring in 1997-2006 (analyzed in 2010). Risks for adults with and without chronic health conditions were examined separately.Results Meeting the recommendations for aerobic activity was associated with substantial survival benefits, especially among the population having chronic conditions, with estimated hazard ratios ranging from 0.65 to 0.75 (p<0.05). While strengthening activities by themselves did not appear to reduce mortality risks, they may provide added survival benefits to those already engaged in aerobic activities. The relative benefits of physical activity were greatest among adults who had at least one chronic condition.Conclusions Adherence to the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines was associated with reduced all-cause mortality risks among U.S. adults, after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, BMI, smoking, and alcohol use.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.12.029

Cites

21 of 21 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

In the Women's Health Initiative randomized clinical trial, reducing total fat consumption had no effect on incidence of coronary heart disease, stroke, or total cardiovascular disease over a mean of 8.1 years.
“In the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) randomized clinical trial (n=48 835), reduction of total fat consumption from 37.8% energy (baseline) to 24.3% energy (at 1 year) and 28.8% energy (at 6 years) had no effect on incidence of CHD (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.88–1.09), stroke (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.90–1.15), or total CVD (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.92–1.05) over a mean of 8.1 years.”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [74]

Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies
(2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)15268-3 · Cited by 12,717 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Public Health: Updated Recommendation for Adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association
HASKELL, W. L., LEE, I.-M., PATE, R. R., POWELL, K. E., BLAIR, S. N., FRANKLIN, B. A., MACERA, C. A., HEATH, G. W., THOMPSON, P. D., & BAUMAN, A. (2007) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616b27 · Cited by 4,616 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Public Health: A Recommendation From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine
Pate, R. R. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520290054029 · Cited by 4,606 · see citing works
Excess Deaths Associated With Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity
Flegal, K. M. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.293.15.1861 · Cited by 2,834 · see citing works
Years of Life Lost Due to Obesity
Fontaine, K. R., Redden, D. T., Wang, C., Westfall, A. O., & Allison, D. B. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.2.187 · Cited by 2,498 · see citing works
Overweight, Obesity, and Mortality in a Large Prospective Cohort of Persons 50 to 71 Years Old
Adams, K. F., Schatzkin, A. G., Harris, T. B., Kipnis, V., Mouw, T., Ballard-Barbash, R. R., Hollenbeck, A. R., & Leitzmann, M. F. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa055643 · Cited by 2,115 · see citing works
Cause-Specific Excess Deaths Associated With Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity
Flegal, K. M., Graubard, B. I., Williamson, D. F., & Gail, M. H. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.17.2028 · Cited by 1,542 · see citing works
The relationship of average volume of alcohol consumption and patterns of drinking to burden of disease: an overview
Rehm, J., Room, R., Graham, K., Monteiro, M., Gmel, G., & Sempos, C. T. (2003) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00467.x · Cited by 995 · see citing works
Physical activity and survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis
Meyerhardt, J. A., Giovannucci, E. L., Holmes, M. D., Chan, A. T., Chan, J. A., Colditz, G. A., & Fuchs, C. S. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2006.06.0855 · Cited by 857 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2002) · Cited by 771 · see citing works
Accuracy and usefulness of BMI measures based on self-reported weight and height: findings from the NHANES & NHIS 2001-2006
Stommel, M., & Schoenborn, C. A. (2009) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-421 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Are Asians at greater mortality risks for being overweight than Caucasians? Redefining obesity for Asians
Wen, C. P., Cheng, T. Y. D., Tsai, S. P., Chan, H. T., Hsu, H. L., Hsu, C. C., & Eriksen, M. P. (2008) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980008002802 · Cited by 543 · see citing works
Physical activity and all-cause mortality: an updated meta-analysis with different intensity categories
Löllgen, H., Böckenhoff, A., & Knapp, G. (2009) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0028-1128150 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Physical Activity Recommendations and Decreased Risk of Mortality
Leitzmann, M. F. (2007) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.167.22.2453 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Trend and Prevalence Estimates Based on the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans
Carlson, S. A., Fulton, J. E., Schoenborn, C. A., & Loustalot, F. (2010) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2010.06.006 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Self-citation
Physical Activity During Daily Life and Mortality in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease
Garg, P. K., Tian, L., Criqui, M. H., Liu, K., Ferrucci, L., Guralnik, J. M., Tan, J. R., & McDermott, M. M. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.605246 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Physical activity and its impact on health outcomes. Paper 1: the impact of physical activity on cardiovascular disease and all‐cause mortality: an historical perspective
Erlichman, J., Kerbey, A. L., & James, W. P. T. (2002) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1046/j.1467-789x.2002.00077.x · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Cardiac rehabilitation for community-based patients with myocardial infarction
Barber, K. R., Stommel, M., Kroll, J., Holmes-Rovner, M. M., & McIntosh, B. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00375-4 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citation
Self-reported physical activity predicts long-term coronary heart disease and all-cause mortalities. Twenty-one-year follow-up of the Israeli Ischemic Heart Disease Study
Eaton, C. B. (1995) · Archives of Family Medicine · doi:10.1001/archfami.4.4.323 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Intensity of leisure-time physical activity and cancer mortality in men
Laukkanen, J. A., Rauramaa, R., Mäkikallio, T. H., Toriola, A. T., & Kurl, S. (2009) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.2008.056713 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Obesity treatment in elderly outpatients: Predictors of efficacy and drop-out
Busetto, L., Mazza, M., Salvalaio, S., Stefano, F. D., Marangon, M., Calò, E., Sampietro, S., & Enzi, G. (2009) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/bf03327801 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 22 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Benjamin, E. J., Blaha, M. J., Chiuve, S. E., Cushman, M., Das, S. R., Deo, R., de Ferranti, S. D., Floyd, J., Fornage, M., Gillespie, C., et al. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000485 · Cited by 12,591 · see citing works
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2012 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Writing Group Members, Roger, V. L., Go, A. S., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Benjamin, E. J., Berry, J. D., Borden, W. B., Bravata, D. M., Dai, S., Ford, E. S., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e31823ac046 · Cited by 7,333 · see citing works
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E. J., Go, A. S., Arnett, D. K., Blaha, M. J., Cushman, M., Das, S. R., de Ferranti, S., Després, J.-P., Fullerton, H. J., et al. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000350 · Cited by 6,596 · see citing works
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2015 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E. J., Go, A. S., Arnett, D. K., Blaha, M. J., Cushman, M., de Ferranti, S., Després, J.-P., Fullerton, H. J., Howard, V. J., et al. (2015) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000152 · Cited by 5,797 · see citing works
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2014 Update
Go, A. S., Mozaffarian, D., Roger, V. L., Benjamin, E. J., Berry, J. D., Blaha, M. J., Dai, S., Ford, E. S., Fox, C. S., Franco, S., et al. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000441139.02102.80 · Cited by 5,207 · see citing works
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Go, A. S., Mozaffarian, D., Roger, V. L., Benjamin, E. J., Berry, J. D., Borden, W. B., Bravata, D. M., Dai, S., Ford, E. S., Fox, C. S., et al. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e31828124ad · Cited by 5,292 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health
(1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.276.3.241 · Cited by 1,001 · see citing works
“Schoenborn and Stommel (2011) studying the benefits of accomplish the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Adults (USDHHS, 2011), which are similar to the HP 2020 goals, achieved 27% lower risk of all-cause mortality among people without existing chronic comorbidities, and by almost half among…”
Background
Recommended physical activity and all cause and cause specific mortality in US adults: prospective cohort study
Zhao, M., Veeranki, S. P., Magnussen, C. G., & Xi, B. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m2031 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Muscle-strengthening activities are associated with lower risk and mortality in major non-communicable diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.
Momma, H., Kawakami, R., Honda, T., & Sawada, S. S. (2022) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2021-105061 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
The association of resistance training with mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Saeidifard, F., Medina‐Inojosa, J. R., West, C. P., Olson, T. P., Somers, V. K., Bonikowske, A. R., Prokop, L. J., Vinciguerra, M., & López-Jiménez, F. A. (2019) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487319850718 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
The descriptive epidemiology of total physical activity, muscle-strengthening exercises and sedentary behaviour among Australian adults – results from the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey
Bennie, J. A., Pedisic, Z., van Uffelen, J. G. Z., Gale, J., Banting, L. K., Vergeer, I., Stamatakis, E., Bauman, A. E., & Biddle, S. J. H. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2736-3 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
“7 %) [36–40].”
Associations of Accelerometry-Assessed and Self-Reported Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Among US Adults
Evenson, K. R., Wen, F., & Herring, A. H. (2016) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kww070 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
“These findings support those from other national studies in which similar questions have been explored (20, 21).”
Result
Percentage of deaths associated with inadequate physical activity in the United States.
Carlson, S. A., Adams, E. K., Yang, Z., & Fulton, J. E. (2018) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd18.170354 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Sleep duration and metabolic syndrome: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Xie, J., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Vgontzas, A. N., Basta, M., Chen, B., Chong-tao, X., & Tang, X. (2021) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101451 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Leisure-time aerobic physical activity, muscle-strengthening activity and mortality risks among US adults: the NHANES linked mortality study
Zhao, G., Li, C., Ford, E. S., Fulton, J. E., Carlson, S. A., Okoro, C. A., Wen, X. J., & Balluz, L. S. (2013) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092731 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Systematic review of the methodological quality and outcome measures utilized in exercise interventions for adults with spinal cord injury
Silverman, S. R., Schertz, L., Yuen, H. K., Lowman, J. D., & Bickel, C. S. (2012) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/sc.2012.78 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Time‐Efficient Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training Lowers Blood Pressure and Improves Endothelial Function, NO Bioavailability, and Oxidative Stress in Midlife/Older Adults With Above‐Normal Blood Pressure
Craighead, D. H., Heinbockel, T. C., Freeberg, K. A., Rossman, M. J., Jackman, R. A., Jankowski, L. R., Hamilton, M. N., Ziemba, B. P., Reisz, J. A., D’Alessandro, A., et al. (2021) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.121.020980 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Exercise as a Polypill for Chronic Diseases
Pareja-Galeano, H., Garatachea, N., & Lucía, A. (2015) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.019 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
"Not just another walking program": everyday activity supports You (EASY) model-a randomized pilot study for a parallel randomized controlled trial
Ashe, M. C., Winters, M., Hoppmann, C. A., Dawes, M. G., Gardiner, P. A., Giangregorio, L. M., Madden, K. M., McAllister, M. M., Wong, G., Puyat, J. H., et al. (2015) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/2055-5784-1-4 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“While there is abundant evidence that physical activity prevents chronic disease [3], many older adults fail to meet guideline recommendations [4-6].”
Resistance Training and Mortality Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Shailendra, P., Baldock, K. L., Li, L. S. K., Bennie, J. A., & Boyle, T. (2022) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.03.020 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Major Depression and Nonsuicide Mortality for U.S. Adults: The Importance of Health Behaviors
Onge, J. M. S., Krueger, P. M., & Rogers, R. G. (2014) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbu009 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Adherence to the 2008 Adult Physical Activity Guidelines and Mortality Risk
Nieman, D. C. (2012) · Yearbook of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.yspm.2011.09.004 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training for cardiorespiratory fitness improvements in middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Poon, E. T., Wongpipit, W., Ho, R. S. T., & Wong, S. H. (2021) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2021.1912453 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“However, compliance with these guidelines around the world is low (WHO, 2016) and some reports have estimated that only 20-40% of middle-aged and older adults can achieve the current weekly PA recommendations (Keadle et al., 2016; Schoenborn & Stommel, 2011).”
Background
Diversity of leisure‐time sport activities in adolescence as a predictor of leisure‐time physical activity in adulthood
Mäkelä, S., Aaltonen, S., Korhonen, T., Rose, R. J., & Kaprio, J. A. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12837 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Young Children and Parental Physical Activity Levels
Adamo, K. B., Langlois, K. A., Brett, K., & Colley, R. C. (2012) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.02.032 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Muscle‐strengthening activities and risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer and mortality: A review of prospective cohort studies
Giovannucci, E. L., Rezende, L. F. M., & Lee, D. H. (2021) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.13344 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Two weeks of reduced-volume sprint interval or traditional exercise training does not improve metabolic functioning in sedentary obese men
Skleryk, J. R., Karagounis, L. G., Hawley, J. A., Sharman, M. J., Laursen, P. B., & Watson, G. (2013) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12150 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“Compliance to traditional exercise recommendations (TER) (30 min of moderate-intensity exercise most days of the week, or 20 min of vigorous exercise three days a week) [3] is poor [4] with ‘insufficient time’ being the primary reason why individuals do not meet current guidelines [5,6].”
Background
Determining the Importance of Meeting Muscle-Strengthening Activity Guidelines
Dankel, S. J., Loenneke, J. P., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2015) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.10.017 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Sleep Duration and Sarcopenia: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Li, X., He, J., & Sun, Q. (2023) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2023.04.032 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health
Raul, A. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/38250 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Economic Impact of Moderate‐Vigorous Physical Activity Among Those With and Without Established Cardiovascular Disease: 2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey
Elizondo, J. V., Salami, J., Osondu, C. U., Ogunmoroti, O., Arrieta, A., Spatz, E. S., Younus, A., Rana, J. S., Virani, S. S., Blankstein, R., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.116.003614 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Time-efficient physical training for enhancing cardiovascular function in midlife and older adults: promise and current research gaps
Craighead, D. H., Heinbockel, T. C., Hamilton, M. N., Bailey, E. F., MacDonald, M. J., Gibala, M. J., & Seals, D. R. (2019) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00381.2019 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Physical Activity Epidemiology
Schmid, D., & Leitzmann, M. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09834-0_67 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Dose-dependent association between muscle-strengthening activities and all-cause mortality: Prospective cohort study among a national sample of adults in the USA
Dankel, S. J., Loenneke, J. P., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2016) · Archives of cardiovascular diseases · doi:10.1016/j.acvd.2016.04.005 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The Association Among Overweight, Obesity, and Low Back Pain in U.S. Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study of the 2015 National Health Interview Survey
Peng, T., Pérez, A., & Gabriel, K. P. (2018) · Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2017.10.005 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Differential Experimental Effects of a Short Bout of Walking, Meditation, or Combination of Walking and Meditation on State Anxiety Among Young Adults
Edwards, M. K., Rosenbaum, S., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2017) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/0890117117744913 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Muscle-strengthening and aerobic activities and mortality among 3+ year cancer survivors in the U.S.
Tarasenko, Y. N., Linder, D. F., & Miller, E. A. (2018) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-018-1017-0 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Greater Leisure Time Physical Activity Is Associated with Lower Allostatic Load in White, Black, and Mexican American Midlife Women: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 through 2004
Upchurch, D. M., Rainisch, B. K. W., & Chyu, L. (2015) · Women s Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2015.07.002 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“The multiple and long-term benefits of regular physical activity are well established (e.g., Booth, Roberts, & Laye, 2012; Brown, Burton, & Rowan, 2007; Schoenborn & Stommel, 2011; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS], 2008).”
Paid sick leave and psychological distress: An analysis of U.S. workers.
Stoddard-Dare, P. A., DeRigne, L., Collins, C. C., Quinn, L., & Fuller, K. A. (2017) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/ort0000293 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Aerobic or Muscle-Strengthening Physical Activity: Which Is Better for Health?
Brellenthin, A. G., Bennie, J. A., & Lee, D.-C. (2022) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1249/jsr.0000000000000981 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Capturing the Pattern of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Exposure Variation Analysis of Accelerometer Data
Straker, L. M., Campbell, A., Mathiassen, S. E., Abbott, R. A., Parry, S. P., & Davey, P. C. (2014) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2012-0105 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Urban‐Rural Differences in Aerobic Physical Activity, Muscle Strengthening Exercise, and Screen‐Time Sedentary Behavior
Robertson, M. C., Song, J., Taylor, W. C., Durand, C. P., & Basen‐Engquist, K. (2018) · The Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1111/jrh.12295 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
p53
Wang, P., Zhuang, J., & Hwang, P. M. (2011) · Current Opinion in Oncology · doi:10.1097/cco.0b013e32834de1d8 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Affective Responses to Acute Bouts of Aerobic Exercise, Mindfulness Meditation, and Combinations of Exercise and Meditation: A Randomized Controlled Intervention
Edwards, M. K., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2018) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294118755099 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“An additional rationale for selecting a brief exercise bout is the fact that most adults do not adhere to minimum physical activity guidelines (Schoenborn & Stommel, 2011).”
Background
Assessment of muscle-strengthening exercise in public health surveillance for adults: A systematic review
Shakespear-Druery, J., Cocker, K. A. D., Biddle, S., Gavilán‐Carrera, B., Segura‐Jiménez, V., & Bennie, J. A. (2021) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106566 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The Association Between Frequency of Physical Activity and Mortality Risk Across the Adult Age Span
Brown, R. E., Riddell, M. C., Macpherson, A., Canning, K. L., & Kuk, J. L. (2013) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264313492823 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Accordingly, adults who meet the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines have a lower mortality risk compared to adults who did not meet the guidelines (Schoenborn & Stommel, 2011).”
Background
Eight weeks of device-guided slow breathing decreases sympathetic nervous reactivity to stress in posttraumatic stress disorder
Fonkoue, I. T., Hu, Y., Jones, T. N., Vemulapalli, M., Sprick, J. D., ROTHBAUM, B. O., & Park, J. (2020) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00079.2020 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Exercise in the management of chronic back pain.
Dreisinger, T. E. (2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Cardiorespiratory Improvements Achieved by American College of Sports Medicine’s Exercise Prescription Implemented on a Mobile App
Rospo, G., Valsecchi, V., Bonomi, A., Thomassen, I., van Dantzig, S., Torre, A. L., & Sartor, F. (2016) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.5518 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Schoenbron et al [13] brought direct evidence that adhering to the 2008 PA guidelines was associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality.”
Systemic inflammation as a function of the individual and combined associations of sedentary behaviour, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness
Edwards, M. K., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2016) · Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging · doi:10.1111/cpf.12388 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“…health benefits of PA (Warburton et al., 2006; Reiner et al., 2013), <20% of the U.S. population adheres to government recommended aerobic and strength training PA guidelines of 150 min per-week of MVPA and strength training all major muscle groups two times per week (Schoenborn & Stommel, 2011).”
Background
The Association of Physical Activity Behaviors and Patterns With Aging Acceleration: Evidence From the UK Biobank
Zhu, J., Yang, Y., Zeng, Y., Han, X., Chen, W., Hu, Y., Qu, Y., Yang, H., Valdimarsdóttir, U. A., Fang, F., et al. (2023) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glad064 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“…despite the inconsistent results (9), most prior investigations suggested reduced all-cause mortality (10,11) and disease-specific mortality (11,12) among individuals who engaged in recommended aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities, compared with individuals not engaged in such…”
Time-efficient, high-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training for cardiovascular aging
Craighead, D. H., Freeberg, K. A., McCarty, N. P., & Seals, D. R. (2021) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111515 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Independent and joint associations of weightlifting and aerobic activity with all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial
Gorzelitz, J., Trabert, B. L., Katki, H. A., Moore, S. C., Watts, E. L., & Matthews, C. E. (2022) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2021-105315 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Trends and Costs Associated With Suboptimal Physical Activity Among US Women With Cardiovascular Disease
Okunrintemi, V., Benson, E., Tibuakuu, M., Zhao, D., Ogunmoroti, O., Elizondo, J. V., Gulati, M., Nasir, K., & Michos, E. D. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.1977 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Physical Activity Behaviour in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Proposal of Theory-Driven Physical Activity Interventions
Leunis, S., Vandecruys, M., Cornelissen, V., Craenenbroeck, A. H. V., Geest, S. D., Monbaliu, D. R. L., & Smet, S. D. (2022) · Kidney and Dialysis · doi:10.3390/kidneydial2020029 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Health Insurance Status and Psychological Distress among US Adults Aged 18–64 Years
Ward, B. W., & Martinez, M. E. (2014) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2559 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“…Wells, Lacey, Adamson, Sellman, & Mulder, 2013), currently smoked (Ng & Jeffery, 2003), or engaged in sufficient aerobic physical activity (Ng & Jeffrey, 2003) defined as meeting the U.S. Department of Health and Human Service's physical activity guidelines (see Schoenborn & Stommel, 2011).”
Chasing the top quartile of cross-sectional data: Is it possible with resistance training?
Buckner, S. L., Dankel, S. J., Mouser, J. G., Mattocks, K. T., Jessee, M. B., & Loenneke, J. P. (2017) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2017.08.009 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Mortality Risks Associated with Average Drinking Level and Episodic Heavy Drinking
Schoenborn, C. A., Stommel, M., & Ward, B. W. (2014) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.3109/10826084.2014.891620 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“…level (Marmot, 2005; Wen et al. , 2009; Zajacova & Hummer, 2009), and health-related behaviors such as cigarette smoking (CDC, 2008; Ezzati & Lopez, 2003), physical activity (Schoenborn & Stommel, 2011), as well as body mass index (BMI) (Flegal et al. , 2005, 2007; Fontaine et al. , 2003).”
Self-citation
Physical activity patterns in healthy middle-aged women
Middlekauff, M. L., Lee, W., Egger, M. J., Nygaard, I. E., & Shaw, J. M. (2016) · Journal of Women & Aging · doi:10.1080/08952841.2015.1018067 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Meeting the 2008 CDC guidelines is associated with decreased risk of morbidity and mortality (Schoenborn & Stommel, 2011).”
Background
A pilot study of women’s affective responses to common and uncommon forms of aerobic exercise
Stevens, C. J., Smith, J. E., & Bryan, A. D. (2015) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2015.1095917 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“…major depression; Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2010) are known to be attenuated with regular aerobic exercise engagement (Lee et al., 2012; Schoenborn & Stommel, 2011; Trivedi et al., 2011), and thus, the implications for identifying strategies to increase rates of aerobic exercise…”
Background
Related factors based on non-targeted metabolomics methods in minor ischaemic stroke
Chen, C., Qiao, X., Guo, J., Yang, T., Wang, M., Ma, Y., Zhao, S., Ding, L., Liu, H., & Wang, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.952918 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“This is because the blood flow impact of high pressure damages sclerosed vascular walls, which results in thrombus formation or rupture and leads to stroke (30, 31).”
Background
Differential and Combined Effects of Physical Activity Profiles and Prohealth Behaviors on Diabetes Prevalence among Blacks and Whites in the US Population: A Novel Bayesian Belief Network Machine Learning Analysis
Seixas, A. A., Henclewood, D., Langford, A. T., McFarlane, S. I., Zizi, F., & Jean‐Louis, G. (2017) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2017/5906034 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Acute cardiovascular responses to a single bout of high intensity inspiratory muscle strength training in healthy young adults
DeLucia, C. M., Debonis, D. R., Schwyhart, S. M., & Bailey, E. F. (2021) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01015.2020 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Cancer-Specific Mortality Relative to Engagement in Muscle-Strengthening Activities and Lower Extremity Strength
Dankel, S. J., Loenneke, J. P., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2017) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0204 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
No short-term savings in health care expenditures for physically active adults.
Chevan, J., & Roberts, D. E. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.02.020 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The protective role of regular aerobic exercise on vascular function with aging
Craighead, D. H., Freeberg, K. A., & Seals, D. R. (2019) · Current Opinion in Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cophys.2019.04.005 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Lifelong physical activity attenuates age- and Western-style diet-related declines in physical function and adverse changes in skeletal muscle mass and inflammation
Clayton, Z. S., Gioscia‐Ryan, R. A., Justice, J. N., Lubieniecki, K. L., Hutton, D. A., Rossman, M. J., Zigler, M. C., & Seals, D. R. (2021) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111632 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Leisure-time physical activity and mortality from influenza and pneumonia: a cohort study of 577 909 US adults
Webber, B. J., Yun, H. C., & Whitfield, G. P. (2023) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2022-106644 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Comparing self-reported physical activity and sedentary time to objective fitness measures in a military cohort
de la Motte, S. J., Welsh, M. M., Castle, V., Burnett, D., Gackstetter, G. D., Littman, A. J., Boyko, E. J., & Hooper, T. I. (2018) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2018.05.023 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Physical Activity Epidemiology
Weber, A., Schmid, D., & Leitzmann, M. F. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6625-3_67-1 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Benefits of Exercise in the Elderly
Amsterdam, E. A., & Kappagoda, C. T. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0268-2_11 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“[7–9] formed the basis of a series of recommendations from several national agencies that addressed the need for healthy older adults to increase their level of physical activity [10, 11].”
Background
A multi-trial, retrospective analysis of the antihypertensive effects of high-resistance, low-volume inspiratory muscle strength training
Craighead, D. H., Tavoian, D., Freeberg, K. A., Mazzone, J. L., Vranish, J. R., DeLucia, C. M., Seals, D. R., & Bailey, E. F. (2022) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00425.2022 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
My Family Medical History and Me: Feasibility Results of a Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Intervention
Imes, C. C., Lewis, F. M., Austin, M. A., & Dougherty, C. M. (2014) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/phn.12130 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
A retrospective analysis of policy development on compliance with World Health Organization’s physical activity recommendations between 2002 and 2005 in European Union adults: closing the gap between research and policy
Mayo, X., Álvarez, F. D. V., Iglesias‐Soler, E., Liguori, G. A., Mann, S., & Jiménez, A. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5986-4 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Translational Potential of High-Resistance Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training
Craighead, D. H., Freeberg, K. A., Maurer, G. S., Myers, V. H., & Seals, D. R. (2022) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000293 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Despite the efficacy of aerobic exercise for exerting numerous CV benefits, over 60% of midlife and older adults in the United States do not meet these physical activity guidelines (16,17).”
Background
The Independent and Combined Effects of Aerobic Physical Activity and Muscular Strengthening Activity on All-Cause Mortality: An Analysis of Effect Modification by Race-Ethnicity
Boyer, W. R., Churilla, J. R., Miller, A., Gillum, T., & Penny, M. (2020) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2019-0581 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Weight training and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality among older adults
Shailendra, P., Baldock, K. L., Li, L. S. K., Gorzelitz, J., Matthews, C. E., Trabert, B. L., Bennie, J. A., & Boyle, T. (2024) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyae074 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Do intrapersonal factors mediate the association of social support with physical activity in young women living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods? A longitudinal mediation analysis
Middelweerd, A., Velde, S. J. T., Abbott, G., Timperio, A. F., Brug, J., & Ball, K. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173231 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Examining barriers, physical activity, and weight change among parents and nonparents in a weight loss intervention
Nezami, B. T., Jakicic, J. M., Lang, W., Davis, K. K., & Tate, D. F. (2019) · Obesity Science & Practice · doi:10.1002/osp4.401 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Variations in area-level disadvantage of Australian registered fitness trainers usual training locations
Bennie, J. A., Thornton, L. E., van Uffelen, J. G. Z., Banting, L., & Biddle, S. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3250-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Recent estimates based on self-reported data suggest that globally between 40 and 60 % of adults meet the moderate to vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity guidelines [5], 15–30 % meet the strength training guidelines [6–10], whilst only 10–20 % meet the combined moderate to vigorous-intensity aerobic physical…”
Background
Tailoring Assessments and Prescription in Cardiac Rehabilitation for Older Adults
Singh, M. A. F. (2019) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2019.07.013 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Lack of Exercise of "Moderate to Vigorous" Intensity in People with Low Levels of Physical Activity Is a Major Discriminant for Sociodemographic Factors and Morbidity
Serrano, J. A., Bello-Lujan, L. M., Auyanet-Batista, J. M., Fernández-Rodríguez, M. J., & González, J. J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0115321 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Cardiorespiratory fitness is one of the best predictors of longevity [1, 9] and lower morbidity [10–11].”
Background
Long-term resistance training with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: assessing dose-response and joint associations with aerobic physical activity
Zhang, Y., Lee, D. H., Rezende, L. F. M., Ma, Y., & Giovannucci, E. L. (2026) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2025-110503 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“6 11 12 Clarifying this relationship is of significant public health importance, as it would offer clearer guidance on how to best incorporate these two forms of physical activity to maximise mortality risk reduction.”
Evaluating Step Counting Algorithms on Subsecond Wrist-Worn Accelerometry: A Comparison Using Publicly Available Data Sets
Koffman, L. J., & Muschelli, J. (2024) · Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour · doi:10.1123/jmpb.2024-0008 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Factores asociados con la adherencia a la actividad física en el tiempo libre
Vélez, E. F. A., Villada, F. A. P., & Cardona, G. D. (2014) · Educación Física y Deporte · doi:10.17533/udea.efyd.v33n1a08 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The influence of active video game play upon physical activity and screen-based activities in sedentary children
Ufholz, K. E., Flack, K. D., & Roemmich, J. N. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269057 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“1% of adolescents met this criteria [2], contributing to poorer physical and mental health [3, 4] and increased mortality during adulthood [5, 6].”
Background
Adjusting for Measurement Error and Nonresponse in Physical Activity Surveys: A Simulation Study
Beyler, N., & Beyler, A. (2017) · Journal of Official Statistics · doi:10.1515/jos-2017-0025 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Exploring opportunities for colorectal cancer screening and prevention in the context of diabetes self-management: an analysis of the 2010 National Health Interview Survey
Adjaye-Gbewonyo, K., Sabatino, S. A., & White, M. C. (2013) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13142-012-0187-7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“In our analysis, as in previous research [25], only LTPAwas measured, though other forms of physical activity (e.”
MethodInfluential
Neighborhood Social Predictors of Weight-related Measures in Underserved African-Americans in the PATH Trial
McDaniel, T. C., Wilson, D. K., Coulon, S. M., Hand, G. A., & Siceloff, E. R. (2015) · Ethnicity & Disease · doi:10.18865/ed.25.4.405 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Association of Physical Activity and Mortality Risk Reduction Among Smokers: Results From 1998–2009 National Health Interview Surveys–National Death Index Linkage
Siahpush, M., Levan, T. D., Nguyen, M. L., Grimm, B. L., Ramos, A. K., Michaud, T. L., & Johansson, P. L. (2019) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2018-0263 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Exercise is Medicine
Chen, Y., Fredericson, M., Matheson, G. O., & Phillips, E. M. (2013) · Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports · doi:10.1007/s40141-013-0006-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The impact of physical activity variety on physical activity participation
Dregney, T. M., Thul, C. M., Linde, J. A., & Lewis, B. A. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0323195 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Long-term PA participation is related to mental health benefits including improved cognitive function, reduced anxiety and depression risk, and improved quality of life [1,5].”
Physical activity levels of allied health professionals working in a large Australian metropolitan health district – an observational study
Zafiropoulos, B., Alison, J. A., & Heard, R. C. (2019) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s189513 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“age (years) 35 (12) BMi (kg/m2) 23 (4) Years working as an allied health professional 11 (10) Variables n (%) gender Male 30 (24) Female 96 (76) employment status Full-time 100 (79) Part-time 26 (21) allied health discipline Physiotherapy 54 (43) Occupational therapy 26 (20) nutrition and dietetics 15 (12) Psychology…”
Background
Adherence
Burke, L. E., Zheng, Y., & Wang, J. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-93826-4_19 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Exercise and Cardiovascular Disease
Kappagoda, C. T., & Amsterdam, E. A. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-396454-0.00004-7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Objectively-measured physical activity patterns and longitudinal weight category status in a rural setting
Cook, I. (2019) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-019-4660-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wanted: long term studies on massage therapy in hypertension
Krinock, M., Goyal, D., Goel, H., & Nadar, S. K. (2020) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/s41371-020-00399-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Medical care manifesto
Jones, J. W., & McCullough, L. B. (2012) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2012.01.076 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Domain-specific Physical Activity and the Risk of All-cause Mortality Among Middle-aged and Older Adults in Taiwan: A Prospective Cohort Study
Liu, Y., Liao, Y., Hsueh, M., Yen, H., Park, J., & Chang, J. H. (2022) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.je20220105 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“18 The Pooled Analysis Study of six cohorts of United States adults aged 21 – 98 years also supported that performing su ﬃ cient moderate or vigorous intensity activities has longevity bene ﬁ ts. 19 Two studies found that older adults aged ≥ 65 years who engaged in su ﬃ cient LTPA had lower risk of…”
Background
Acute Coronary Syndromes
Patel, S. K. (2017) · The American Pharmacists Association eBooks · doi:10.21019/pharmacotherapyfirst.acs_overview · Cited by 2 · see citing works

CME page for “Adherence to the 2008 Adult Physical Activity Guidelines and Mortality Risk”
(2011) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(11)00150-4
Leisure-time aerobic physical activity, muscle-strengthening activity and mortality risks among US adults: the NHANES linked mortality study
Zhao, G., Li, C., Ford, E. S., Fulton, J. E., Carlson, S. A., Okoro, C. A., Wen, X. J., & Balluz, L. S. (2013) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092731 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY Mortality benefits of population-wide adherence to national physical activity guidelines: a prospective cohort study
Watkinson, C., Brage, S., Morris, J. N., Tuxworth, B., Fentem, P. H., Griffin, S., Simmons, R., & Wareham, N. J. (2016)
Recommended physical activity and all cause and cause specific mortality in US adults: prospective cohort study
Zhao, M., Veeranki, S. P., Magnussen, C. G., & Xi, B. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m2031 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Trends in the Association Between Meeting the Physical Activity Guidelines and Risk of Total and Cause-specific Mortality in the US Over 2 DecadesPreprint
Martínez‐Gómez, D., Rodríguez‐Artalejo, F., Ding, D., Ekelund, U., & Cabanas‐Sánchez, V. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.09.08.23295287

Authors: Schoenborn, C. A., & Stommel, M.
Affiliations: National Center for Health Statistics (US)
Michigan State University (US)
Corresponding author: Schoenborn, Charlotte A.
ORCID: Stommel, Manfred
Venue: American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2011-05
Volume: 40
Issue: 5
Pages: 514-521
ISSN: 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.12.029
OpenAlex: W2134412124
Cited by: 126
References: 22
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 8.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords: physical activity guidelines, all-cause mortality, guideline adherence, aerobic exercise, resistance training, chronic disease, survival benefit, adults, National Health Interview Survey
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Risk, United States, United States Dept. of Health and Human Services, Exercise, Proportional Hazards Models, Survival Analysis, Guidelines as Topic, Guideline Adherence, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Adherence to the 2008 Adult Physical Activity Guidelines and Mortality Risk

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks