The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 18 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients
Open accessAbstract
Study objective Brief interventions have been shown to reduce alcohol use and improve outcomes in hazardous and harmful drinkers, but evidence to support their use in emergency department (ED) patients is limited. The use of research assessments in studies of brief interventions may contribute to uncertainty about their effectiveness. Therefore we seek to determine (1) if an emergency practitioner-performed Brief Negotiation Interview or a Brief Negotiation Interview with a booster reduces alcohol consumption compared with standard care; and (2) the impact of research assessments on drinking outcomes using a standard care-no-assessment group. Methods We randomized 889 adult ED patients with hazardous and harmful drinking. A total of 740 received an emergency practitioner-performed Brief Negotiation Interview (n=297), a Brief Negotiation Interview with a 1-month follow-up telephone booster (Brief Negotiation Interview with booster) (n=295), or standard care (n=148). We also included a standard care with no assessments (n=149) group to examine the effect of assessments on drinking outcomes. Primary outcomes analyzed with mixed-models procedures included past 7-day alcohol consumption and 28-day binge episodes at 6 and 12 months, collected by interactive voice response. Secondary outcomes included negative health behaviors and consequences collected by telephone surveys. Results The reduction in mean number of drinks in the past 7 days from baseline to 6 and 12 months was significantly greater in the Brief Negotiation Interview with booster (from 20.4 [95% confidence interval {CI} 18.8 to 22.0] to 11.6 [95% CI 9.7 to 13.5] to 13.0 [95% CI 10.5 to 15.5]) and Brief Negotiation Interview (from 19.8 [95% CI 18.3 to 21.4] to 12.7 [95% CI 10.8 to 14.6] to 14.3 [95% CI 11.9 to 16.8]) than in standard care (from 20.9 [95% CI 18.7 to 23.2] to 14.2 [95% CI 11.2 to 17.1] to 17.6 [95% CI 14.1 to 21.2]). The reduction in 28-day binge episodes was also greater in the Brief Negotiation Interview with booster (from 7.5 [95% CI 6.8 to 8.2] to 4.4 [95% CI 3.6 to 5.2] to 4.7 [95% CI 3.9 to 5.6]) and Brief Negotiation Interview (from 7.2 [95% CI 6.5 to 7.9] to 4.8 [95% CI 4.0 to 5.6] to 5.1 [95% CI 4.2 to 5.9]) than in standard care (from 7.2 [95% CI 6.2 to 8.2] to 5.7 [95% CI 4.5 to 6.9] to 5.8 [95% CI 4.6 to 7.0]). The Brief Negotiation Interview with booster offered no significant benefit over the Brief Negotiation Interview alone. There were no differences in drinking outcomes between the standard care and standard care-no assessment groups. The reductions in rates of driving after drinking more than 3 drinks from baseline to 12 months were greater in the Brief Negotiation Interview (38% to 29%) and Brief Negotiation Interview with booster (39% to 31%) groups than in the standard care group (43% to 42%). Conclusion Emergency practitioner-performed brief interventions can reduce alcohol consumption and episodes of driving after drinking in hazardous and harmful drinkers. These results support the use of brief interventions in ED settings.
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15 Own result · 14 Own method · 10 Not checked yet · 7 Own interpretation
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no differences in drinking outcomes between the SC and SC-NA groups.”
- Also stated in: § Alcohol Consumption · plain
“The mean (SD) number of drinks per week reported by the SC-NA group at 12 months was 16.6 (14.2), compared to 17.6 (17.7) in the SC group (p=0.67), and the number of binge days/month 6.9 (6.8) compared to 5.8 (5.6) in the SC group (p=0.60), were not significantly different.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > Abstract > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Alcohol Consumption · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The reduction in mean number of drinks in the past 7 days from baseline to 6 and 12 months was significantly greater in BNI with Booster: from 20.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.8-22.0) to 11.6 (95% CI, 9.7-13.5) to 13.0 (95% CI, 10.5-15.5) and BNI: from 19.8 (95% CI, 18.3-21.4) to 12.7 (95% CI, 10.8-14.6), to 14.3 (95% CI, 11.9-16.8), than in SC: from 20.9 (95% CI, 18.7-23.2) to 14.2 (95% CI,”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > Abstract > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All three groups decreased their alcohol consumption over time.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > RESULTS > Alcohol Consumption
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we found that participants reported on average 1.4 (95%CI: 0.8-2.0) drinks more per week using the Interactive Voice Response than on the face-to-face Health Questionnaire (p<0.001).”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > RESULTS > Alcohol Consumption
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“BNI with Booster offered no significant benefit over BNI.”
- Also stated in: § Alcohol Consumption · plain
“There were no statistically significant differences in drinking outcomes between the BNI with Booster and BNI groups.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > Abstract > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Alcohol Consumption · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The reductions in rates of driving after drinking ≥ 3 drinks from baseline to 12 months were greater in the BNI (38% to 29%) and BNI with Booster (39% to 31%) groups than in the SC group (43% to 42%).”
- Also stated in: § Negative Behaviors and Consequences · plain
“We found a statistically significant effect of treatment intervention on impaired driving practices with patients who received the BNI and BNI with Booster reporting greater reductions in the rates of driving after having three or more drinks from baseline to 12 months (38% to 29%, and 39% to 31%, respectively), as compared to patients who received SC (43% to 42%, p=0.04).”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > Abstract > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Also stated in: § Negative Behaviors and Consequences · plain
In the paper
“Methodological heterogeneity across studies makes it difficult to draw conclusions concerning the efficacy of BI in ED patients.26”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > INTRODUCTION > Importance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [26] Field, 2010, The mixed evidence for brief intervention in emergency departments, trauma care centers and inpatient hospital settings: what should we do?, Alcohol Clin Exp Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We randomized 889 adult ED patients with HH drinking.”
- Also stated in: § Setting and Participants · plain
“We randomized 889 HH drinkers.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > Abstract > METHODS
plainn = 889- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Setting and Participants · plain
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The data in ED settings are less clear.”
- Also stated in: § Importance · plain
“While consumption decreases over time 20,21,22,23,24 few studies have identified benefits specific to BI in ED patients.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > INTRODUCTION > Importance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [20] Daeppen, 2007, Brief alcohol intervention and alcohol assessment do not influence alcohol use in injured patients treated in the emergency department: a randomized controlled clinical trial [published correction appears in Addiction. 2007;102:1995], Addiction source
- Not checked yetcites [21] D'Onofrio, 2008, Brief intervention for hazardous and harmful drinkers in the emergency department, Ann Emerg Med source
- Not checked yetcites [22] Longabaugh, 2001, Evaluating the effects of a brief motivational intervention for injured drinkers in the emergency department, J Stud Alcohol source
- Not checked yetcites [23] Monti, 2007, Motivational interviewing versus feedback only in emergency care for young adult problem drinking, Addiction source
- Not checked yetcites [24] Neuman, 2006, The effect of computerized tailored brief advice on at-risk drinking in subcritically injured trauma patients, J Trauma source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Importance · plain
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, the sensitivity analyses support the same pattern of reductions of alcohol consumption on both primary outcome measures in all study groups: both the BNI with Booster and the BNI groups show virtually overlapping reductions over time in the number of drinks and bingeing episodes that are greater from the reductions observed in the SC group.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > RESULTS > Alcohol Consumption
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 26
- The quote only partly states this claim. 4
- Probably not a substantial claim. 9
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no statistically significant differences among the groups on changes in TSR, SIP or IBC scores, numbers of arrests for driving under the influence, or contacts with the legal system from baseline to follow up.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > RESULTS > Negative Behaviors and Consequences
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The intervention was most pronounced among those ≥26 years old, while drinking and bingeing episodes in younger patients showed a stronger rebounding trend toward their baseline values at 12 months, suggesting that additional modifications to the intervention either in content and/or intensity may be needed for this group.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > DISCUSSION
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mean (SD) number of drinks per week reported by the SC-NA group at 12 months was 16.6 (14.2), compared to 17.6 (17.7) in the SC group (p=0.67), and the number of binge days/month 6.9 (6.8) compared to 5.8 (5.6) in the SC group (p=0.60), were not significantly different.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > RESULTS > Alcohol Consumption
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The reductions in the mean number of drinks per week (p=0.045) and binge episodes (p=0.031) were significantly greater for the BNI and BNI with Booster groups compared to the SC group (Table 2).”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > RESULTS > Alcohol Consumption
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The reductions in the mean number of drinks per week (p=0.045) and binge episodes (p=0.031) were significantly greater for the BNI and BNI with Booster groups compared to the SC group (Table 2).”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > RESULTS > Alcohol Consumption
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We also found significant main effects of age (p=0.016 for the number of drinks per week, and p<0.001 for the number of bingeing episodes per month), and significant interactions between age and treatment group on both primary outcome measures (p=0.002 for the number of drinks per week, and p=0.007 for the number of bingeing episodes).”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > RESULTS > Alcohol Consumption
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The reported numbers of motor vehicle crashes while intoxicated and missed days of work decreased over time without a treatment effect (Table 3).”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > RESULTS > Negative Behaviors and Consequences
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The reduction in 28-day binge episodes was also greater in BNI with Booster: from 7.5 (95% CI, 6.8-8.2) to 4.4 (95% CI, 3.6-5.2) to 4.7 (95% CI, 3.9-5.6) and in BNI: from 7.2 (95% CI, 6.5-7.9) to 4.8 (95% CI, 4.0-5.6), to 5.1 (95% CI, 4.2-5.9), than in SC: from 7.2 (95% CI, 6.2-8.2) to 5.7 (95% CI, 4.5-6.9), to 5.8 (95% CI, 4.6-7.0).”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > Abstract > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no differences in treatment outcomes related to sex or presence of an injury.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > RESULTS > Alcohol Consumption
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“There is an additional concern that research assessments of alcohol consumption can themselves lead to decreased drinking28 thus making it difficult to separate the assessment effect from the overall intervention outcomes.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > INTRODUCTION > Importance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [28] Bernstein, 2010, Mechanisms of change in control group drinking in clinical trials of brief alcohol intervention: implications for bias toward the null, Drug Alcohol source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study was approved by the Yale University Human Investigation Committee and registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00261859).”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > METHODS > Setting and Participants
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“EPs who performed the BNI, including attending physicians and residents, physician associates, and advanced practice registered nurses, received a 2-hour training program and proficiency testing.33”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > METHODS > Study Interventions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [33] D'Onofrio, 2005, Development and implementation of an emergency practitioner–performed brief intervention for hazardous and harmful drinkers in the emergency department, Acad Emerg Med
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“A recent meta-analysis of strategies targeting alcohol problems in the ED found that BI did not significantly reduce drinking but was associated with a 50% reduction in alcohol-related injury.25”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > INTRODUCTION > Importance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [25] Havard, 2008, Systematic review and meta-analyses of strategies targeting alcohol problems in emergency departments: interventions reduce alcohol-related injuries, Addiction source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Brief interventions (BI) have been shown to reduce alcohol use and improve outcomes in Hazardous and Harmful (HH) drinkers but evidence to support their use in emergency department (ED) patients is limited.”
- Also stated in: § Importance · plain
“Evidence exists for the use of brief interventions (BI) for alcohol in primary care,16,17,18 and inpatient trauma settings.19”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > Abstract > BACKGROUND
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] Nilssen, 2004, Long-term effect of brief intervention in at-risk alcohol drinkers: a 9-year follow-up study, Alcohol Alcohol source
- Not checked yetcites [17] Kaner, 2007, Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations, Cochrane Database Syst Rev
- Not checked yetcites [18] Solberg, 2008, Primary care intervention to reduce alcohol misuse ranking its health impact and cost effectiveness, Am J Prev Med source
- Not checked yetcites [19] Gentilello, 2005, Alcohol interventions for trauma patients treated in emergency departments and hospitals: a cost benefit analysis, Ann Surg source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Importance · plain
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“randomized using a 100-block randomization procedure (RAs were provided with sealed envelopes for each of the study identification numbers).”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > METHODS > Setting and Participants
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While Interactive Voice Response may be a more accurate tool for follow-up assessment, the system’s voice is mechanical and slow, considerably limiting feasibility to collect longer time line follow-back and other long assessment and our study subjects were less likely to use the Interactive Voice Response system than to speak directly to an RA on the telephone.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > LIMITATIONS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our findings demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of using existing staff to perform such interventions, approximately 7 minutes in length, during routine ED visits which may enhance sustainability.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > DISCUSSION
boostedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study was conducted at one site: a teaching hospital associated with an academic institution.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > LIMITATIONS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All participants randomized to the BNI, BNI with Booster and SC, groups received treatment as assigned and 81% of BNI with Booster subjects received the booster.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > RESULTS > Treatment delivery, data collection and participant retention
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Power calculations were based on published data38 indicating an expected effect of 0.33 in reduction of alcohol use between the experimental and control conditions. A total sample of 900 patients provided power (>0.80) to detect the hypothesized low-to moderate-sized effects (assuming a type I error of 0.05).”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > METHODS > Primary Data Analyses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [38] Fleming, 1997, Brief physician advice for problem alcohol drinkers: a randomized controlled trial in community-based primary care practices, JAMA source
plainn = 900- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The RAs were blinded to study group assignment.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > METHODS > Measurements
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, contrary to our original hypothesis, our assessment had no significant effect on drinking reductions, thus supporting the effectiveness of the BNI itself.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This demonstrates that a brief intervention performed solely with existing staff, during a visit to a large, urban ED setting, can be effective.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > DISCUSSION
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“While our data are based on self report, we employed a reliable time-line follow back method34 to collect alcohol consumption data. We also employed Interactive Voice Response technology which offers an opportunity to collect data without patient-staff interaction and can reduce social desirability bias.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34] Sobell, 1992, Timeline follow-back: a technique for assessing self-reported alcohol consumption
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The primary analyses were based on the intention-to-treat principle and included all patients in the BNI, BNI with Booster and SC groups (n=740).”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > METHODS > Primary Data Analyses
plainn = 740- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Previous systematic reviews of alcohol studies in adult ED populations highlighted substantial methodological heterogeneity and results have shown limited efficacy.46”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [46]
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In conclusion, brief interventions performed by EPs reduce alcohol consumption and episodes of impaired driving.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > DISCUSSION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The standard care control condition used in the trial was credible.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The current study, which demonstrated an effect of treatment, attempted to address these concerns by using universal screening, a credible control condition, Interactive Voice Response methodology to limit patient-staff interaction, and relatively short assessments in an attempt to limit the effect of assessments on drinking.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mean adherence score for the BNI was 8.5 out of 11 possible items (77.5%). The mean score for the booster was 9.4 out of 13 items (73%) indicating good adherence.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > METHODS > Measurements
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The proportions of patients completing Interactive Voice Response assessment at 6 months were 179/297 (60.3%), 174/295 (59.0%), 73/148 (49.3%); and at 12 months were 181/297 (60.9%), 169/295 (57.3%), 86/148 (58.1%), for the BNI, BNI with Booster and SC groups respectively.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > RESULTS > Treatment delivery, data collection and participant retention
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Audiotapes of BNI and booster encounters were rated by three independent, trained raters who were blinded to study hypotheses and treatment assignment.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > METHODS > Measurements
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The mixed models procedures uses all available data on each subject; therefore, all study participants, including those with missing data are included in the analyses.39,40”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > METHODS > Primary Data Analyses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [39] Little, 1996
- Not checked yetcites [40] Gueorguieva, 2004, Move over ANOVA: progress in analyzing repeated-measures data and its reflection in papers published in the Archives of General Psychiatry, Arch Gen Psychiatry source
plainn = 740- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“EP-performed brief interventions for HH drinkers significantly reduced alcohol consumption and decreased impaired driving.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“In conclusion, brief interventions performed by EPs reduce alcohol consumption and episodes of impaired driving.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > DISCUSSION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The standard care control condition used in the trial was credible.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
The paper relies on this without support.
The standard care control condition used in the trial was credible.
“a credible control condition”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes High risk”
From Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations (2018) · cites this paper as D'Onofrio 2012
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Opportunistic screening and brief intervention and referral to treatment for individuals presenting to an Emergency Department is not only a World Health Organization recommended cost-effective strategy, but represents an opportunity to identify patients at high risk of alcohol related harm and intervene at a ‘teachable moment’ specifically when suffering an alcohol related injury [6,7].”
From Effectiveness of a brief intervention and text-based booster in the emergency department to reduce harmful and hazardous alcohol use: A pragmatic randomized adaptive clinical trial in Moshi, Tanzania (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The use of BIs in an ED has been shown to be a cost-effective [10] and sustainable strategy to reduce alcohol consumption [7,10,11], and number of binge drinking episodes [7]; still, there are many opportunities to improve the implementation of a BI in the ED to promote equitable reach, adoption and intervention fidelity [12]”
From Effectiveness of a brief intervention and text-based booster in the emergency department to reduce harmful and hazardous alcohol use: A pragmatic randomized adaptive clinical trial in Moshi, Tanzania (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Opportunistic screening and brief intervention and referral to treatment for individuals presenting to an Emergency Department is not only a World Health Organization recommended cost-effective strategy, but represents an opportunity to identify patients at high risk of alcohol related harm and intervene at a ‘teachable moment’ specifically when suffering an alcohol related injury [6,7].”
From Effectiveness of a brief intervention and text-based booster in the emergency department to reduce harmful and hazardous alcohol use: A pragmatic randomized adaptive clinical trial in Moshi, Tanzania (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Some global literature has found intermittent post-intervention reminders to be helpful, while others have found limited impact [7,16].”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A measure of alcohol-related consequences or harm (e.g.Drinker Inventory of Consequences -DrInC; Alcohol Problems Quesionnaire -APQ) was reported by 21 studies (Blow 2006;Cherpitel 2009;D'Onofrio 2012;Drummond 2009;Drummond 2014;Fleming 2010;Heather 1987;Helstrom 2014;Kaner 2013;Lane 2008;Longabaugh 2001;McDevitt-Murphy 2014;McIntosh 1997;Mello 2008;Monti 2007;Romelsjö 1989;Schaus 2009;Spirito 200”
From Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations (2018) · cites this paper as D'Onofrio 2012
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes Low risk”
From Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations (2018) · cites this paper as D'Onofrio 2012
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“ITT: yes.”
From Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations (2018) · cites this paper as D'Onofrio 2012
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Random sequence generation (selection bias) Unclear risk”
From Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations (2018) · cites this paper as D'Onofrio 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Blinding of participants Low risk”
From Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations (2018) · cites this paper as D'Onofrio 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Selective reporting (reporting bias) Low risk”
From Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations (2018) · cites this paper as D'Onofrio 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Blinding of treatment providers Low risk”
From Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations (2018) · cites this paper as D'Onofrio 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk”
From Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations (2018) · cites this paper as D'Onofrio 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“There is also controversy around the best implementation strategy for a BI, such as the usefulness of boosters that serve as scheduled reminders post-BNI [28–30] and the integration of mobile health technology for LMICs [31,32].”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“the median duration was 10 minutes with an IQR of 3 (25th percentile =7 minutes, 7 seconds; 75th percentile = 12 minutes, 11 seconds.”
§ A Brief Intervention Reduces Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Emergency Department Patients > METHODS > Study Interventions
Reported 3 · recomputed 5
Citations
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Gueorguieva, R., & Krystal, J. H. (2004) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.3.310 · Cited by 1,529
Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations
Kaner, E. F. S., Dickinson, H. O., Beyer, F. R., Campbell, F., Schlesinger, C., Heather, N., Saunders, J. B., Burnand, B., & Pienaar, E. D. (2007) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004148.pub3 · Cited by 746
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“Additionally, based on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health,43all study participants were classified into two age groups: young adults (18-25) and older adults (≥26).”
MethodAlcohol and injuries: a review of international emergency room studies
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Reducing harm from alcohol: call to action
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“The models evaluated in our sensitivity analyses included the following: (1) “the last observation carry-forward” (LOCF)41,42 where missing data at follow up are replaced by the last available data point (based on an assumption that patients who did not complete the follow up assessments did not change their pattern o…”
MethodMMRM vs. LOCF: A Comprehensive Comparison Based on Simulation Study and 25 NDA Datasets
Siddiqui, O., Hung, H. M. J., & O'Neill, R. (2009) · Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics · doi:10.1080/10543400802609797 · Cited by 301
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“Additionally, based on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health,43all study participants were classified into two age groups: young adults (18-25) and older adults (≥26).”
MethodPrimary Care Intervention to Reduce Alcohol Misuse
Solberg, L. I., Maciosek, M. V., & Edwards, N. M. (2008) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2007.09.035 · Cited by 284 · cited 1×
“Additionally, based on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health,43all study participants were classified into two age groups: young adults (18-25) and older adults (≥26).”
MethodPatients with Alcohol Problems
O’Connor, P. G., & Schottenfeld, R. S. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199802263380907 · Cited by 267
Handling drop‐out in longitudinal clinical trials: a comparison of the LOCF and MMRM approaches
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Havard, A., Shakeshaft, A., & Sanson‐Fisher, R. (2008) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02072.x · Cited by 250 · cited 1×
“Additionally, based on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health,43all study participants were classified into two age groups: young adults (18-25) and older adults (≥26).”
MethodAlcohol and injuries: a review of international emergency room studies since 1995
CHERPITEL, C. J. S. (2007) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1080/09595230601146686 · Cited by 219
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“The manual-guided BNI includes (1) raising the subject of alcohol; (2) providing feedback by reviewing the patient’s screening data and connecting alcohol and the visit/illness or injury and reviewing guidelines for low-risk drinking; (3) enhancing motivation by asking how likely the patient is to change his/her drink…”
MethodA systematic review of emergency care brief alcohol interventions for injury patients.
Nilsen, P., Baird, J., Mello, M. J., Nirenberg, T., Woolard, R., Bendtsen, P., & Longabaugh, R. (2008) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2007.09.008 · Cited by 207
Motivational interviewing versus feedback only in emergency care for young adult problem drinking
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“Additionally, based on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health,43all study participants were classified into two age groups: young adults (18-25) and older adults (≥26).”
MethodD'Onofrio, G., & Degutis, L. C. (2002) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1197/aemj.9.6.627 · Cited by 178
Neumann, T., Neuner, B., Weiss-Gerlach, E., T??nnesen, H., Gentilello, L. M., Wernecke, K. D., Schmidt, K., Schr??der, T., Wauer, H., Heinz, A., et al. (2006) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/01.ta.0000196399.29893.52 · Cited by 159 · cited 1×
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MethodHelping patients who drink too much: an evidence-based guide for primary care clinicians.
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“Additionally, based on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health,43all study participants were classified into two age groups: young adults (18-25) and older adults (≥26).”
MethodUS Emergency Department Visits for Alcohol-Related Diseases and Injuries Between 1992 and 2000
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MethodBrief intervention for hazardous and harmful drinkers in the emergency department
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MethodAssessing substance abuse treatment need: A statewide hospital emergency department study
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MethodCunningham, R. M., Bernstein, S. L., Walton, M. A., Broderick, K. B., Vaca, F. E., Woolard, R. H., Bernstein, E., Blow, F. C., & D’Onofrio, G. (2009) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00552.x · Cited by 108
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Automating Standard Alcohol Use Assessment Instruments Via Interactive Voice Response Technology
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations
Kaner, E. F., Beyer, F. R., Muirhead, C., Campbell, F., Pienaar, E. D., Bertholet, N., Daeppen, J. B., Saunders, J. B., & Burnand, B. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004148.pub4 · Cited by 1,665
Emergency Department–Initiated Buprenorphine/Naloxone Treatment for Opioid Dependence
D’Onofrio, G., O’Connor, P. G., Pantalon, M. V., Chawarski, M. C., Busch, S. H., Owens, P. H., Bernstein, S. L., & Fiellin, D. A. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.3474 · Cited by 913
Brief alcohol interventions for adolescents and young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Tanner-Smith, E. E., & Lipsey, M. W. (2015) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2014.09.001 · Cited by 468
Screening and Brief Intervention for Drug Use in Primary Care: The ASPIRE Randomized Clinical Trial
Saitz, R., Palfai, T. P. A., Cheng, D. M., Alford, D. P., Bernstein, J. A., Lloyd-Travaglini, C. A., Meli, S. M., Chaisson, C. E., & Samet, J. H. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.7862 · Cited by 280
(2017) · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-63040-3 · Cited by 234
Metadata
- Authors
- D'Onofrio, G., Fiellin, D. A., Pantalon, M. V., Chawarski, M. C., Owens, P. H., Degutis, L. C., Busch, S. H., Bernstein, S. L., & O'Connor, P. G.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Venue
- Annals of Emergency Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 181-192
- ISSN
- 0196-0644 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3811141
- OpenAlex
- W2069572191
- Cited by
- 207
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 15.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annals of Emergency Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA014963, 1R01AA14963)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Keywords
- brief intervention, emergency department patients, hazardous drinking, booster intervention, alcohol consumption, binge drinking, alcohol screening, telephone follow-up, health effects of alcohol, alcohol-related injuries
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholic Intoxication, Alcoholism, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Male, Directive Counseling, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-06, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-06 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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