High prescription drug use and associated costs among Medicaid-eligible children with autism spectrum disorders identified by a population-based surveillance network.

Logan, Sarah L.; Nicholas, Joyce S.; Carpenter, Laura A.; King, Lydia B.; Garrett-Mayer, Elizabeth; Charles, Jane M.

doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.10.007

Cited by 65Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchChild Nutrition and Feeding IssuesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

High prescription drug use and associated costs among Medicaid-eligible children with autism spectrum disorders identified by a population-based surveillance network.

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Logan, Sarah L., Nicholas, Joyce S., Carpenter, Laura A., King, Lydia B., Garrett-Mayer, Elizabeth, Charles, Jane M.·2012·Annals of Epidemiology

DOI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.10.007PMC PMC3240812

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Abstract

Purpose We assessed medication use and associated costs among 8- and 15-year-old children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) identified by the South Carolina Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (SCADDM) Network.Methods All Medicaid-eligible SCADDM-identified children with ASD from surveillance years 2006 and 2007 were included (n = 263). Children were classified as ASD cases when documented behaviors consistent with the DSM-IV-TR criteria for autistic disorder, Asperger disorder, or pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified were present in health and education evaluation records. Medication and cost data were obtained by linking population-based and Medicaid data.Results All 263 SCADDM-identified children had Medicaid data available; 56% (n = 147) had a prescription of any type, 40% (n = 105) used psychotropic medication, and 20% (n = 52) used multiple psychotropic classes during the study period. Common combinations were (1) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medications and an antihypertensive, antidepressant or antipsychotic; and (2) antidepressants and an antipsychotic. Multiple psychotropic classes were more common among older children. Both the overall distribution of the number of prescription claims and medication costs varied significantly by age.Conclusions Results confirm that medication use in ASD, alone or in combination, is common, costly, and may increase with age.

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Estimates that 30% to 50% of patients with ASD have been treated with at least 1 medication may be unreliable because the underlying studies depended primarily on patient surveys, have not been replicated after shifts in ASD diagnostic criteria, and/or predate the Affordable Care Act and other significant changes to prescription drug coverage.
“However, these estimates may be unreliable because they were derived from studies that depended primarily on patient surveys; have not been replicated after shifts in diagnostic criteria for ASD; and/or predate the establishment of the Affordable Care Act and other significant changes to prescription drug coverage.”
From Medication use in the management of comorbidities among individuals with autism spectrum disorder from a large nationwide insurance database (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
Some studies have estimated that 30% to 50% of patients with ASD have been treated with at least 1 medication.
“Some studies22,23,24,25,26 have estimated that 30% to 50% of patients with ASD have been treated with at least 1 medication.”
From Medication use in the management of comorbidities among individuals with autism spectrum disorder from a large nationwide insurance database (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
Previous studies of co-occurring conditions and use of psychotropic medication in individuals with ASD have been limited to smaller, regional study populations.
“Previous studies of co-occurring conditions and use of psychotropic medication in individuals with ASD,20,22,23,26 though informative, have been limited to smaller, regional study populations.”
From Medication use in the management of comorbidities among individuals with autism spectrum disorder from a large nationwide insurance database (2021) · cites this paper as [26]

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[26]Arnsten A Scahill L Findling R Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Emerging concepts from New Data Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology 2007 393 406 17822336

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Authors: Logan, S. L., Nicholas, J. S., Carpenter, L. A., King, L. B., Garrett-Mayer, E., & Charles, J. M.
Affiliations: Medical University of South Carolina (US)
Corresponding author: Logan, Sarah L.
ORCID: Carpenter, Laura A.
King, Lydia B.
Garrett-Mayer, Elizabeth
Venue: Annals of Epidemiology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2012-01
Volume: 22
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-8
ISSN: 1047-2797 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.10.007
PMC: PMC3240812
OpenAlex: W1981466770
Cited by: 65
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 3.25
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Annals of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000062)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC-RF-ADD06-601)
National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR029882, TL1RR029881)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, prescription drug use, psychotropic drugs, drug costs, Medicaid-eligible children, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication, antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs, age differences in medication use, South Carolina
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Female, Humans, Male, Medicaid, Population Surveillance, South Carolina, United States, Prescription Drugs

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High prescription drug use and associated costs among Medicaid-eligible children with autism spectrum disorders identified by a population-based surveillance network.

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