Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 2,047

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of select multi-layered transition metal carbides (MXenes)

Open access
Halim, Joseph, Cook, Kevin M., Naguib, Michael, Eklund, Per, Gogotsi, Yury, Rosen, Johanna, Barsoum, Michel W.·2016·Applied Surface Science

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.11.089

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 3 references

Research works printed but not linked: 66

  1. Novoselov, 2012, A roadmap for graphene, Nature, 490, 192, 10.1038/nature11458 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Bolotin, 2008, Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene, Solid State Commun., 146, 351, 10.1016/j.ssc.2008.02.024 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Ci, 2010, Atomic layers of hybridized boron nitride and graphene domains, Nat. Mater., 9, 430, 10.1038/nmat2711 · DOI · Paper page
  4. Coleman, 2011, Two-dimensional nanosheets produced by liquid exfoliation of layered materials, Science, 331, 568, 10.1126/science.1194975 · DOI · Paper page
  5. van der Zande, 2013, Grains and grain boundaries in highly crystalline monolayer molybdenum disulphide, Nat. Mater., 12, 554, 10.1038/nmat3633 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Najmaei, 2013, Vapour phase growth and grain boundary structure of molybdenum disulphide atomic layers, Nat. Mater., 12, 754, 10.1038/nmat3673 · DOI · Paper page
  7. Ma, 2010, Nanosheets of oxides and hydroxides: ultimate 2D charge-bearing functional crystallites, Adv. Mater., 22, 5082, 10.1002/adma.201001722 · DOI · Paper page
  8. Nicolosi, 2013, Liquid exfoliation of layered materials, Science, 340, 10.1126/science.1226419 · DOI · Paper page
  9. Stankovich, 2007, Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide, Carbon, 45, 1558, 10.1016/j.carbon.2007.02.034 · DOI · Paper page
  10. Kinyanjui, 2012, Direct probe of linearly dispersing 2D interband plasmons in a free-standing graphene monolayer, EPL, 97, 57005, 10.1209/0295-5075/97/57005 · DOI
  11. Liu, 2008, Plasmon dispersion and damping in electrically isolated two-dimensional charge sheets, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 78, 201403, 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.201403 · doi:10.1103/physrevb.78.201403
  12. Politano, 2011, Evidence for acoustic-like plasmons on epitaxial graphene on Pt(111), Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 84, 033401, 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.033401 · doi:10.1103/physrevb.84.033401
  13. Bekyarova, 2009, Chemical modification of epitaxial graphene: spontaneous grafting of aryl groups, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131, 1336, 10.1021/ja8057327 · DOI · Paper page
  14. Kudin, 2008, Raman spectra of graphite oxide and functionalized graphene sheets, Nano Lett., 8, 36, 10.1021/nl071822y · DOI · Paper page
  15. Naguib, 2011, Two-dimensional nanocrystals produced by exfoliation of Ti3AlC2, Adv. Mater., 23, 4248, 10.1002/adma.201102306 · DOI · Paper page
  16. Ghidiu, 2014, Conductive two-dimensional titanium carbide ‘clay’ with high volumetric capacitance, Nature, 516, 78, 10.1038/nature13970 · DOI · Paper page
  17. Naguib, 2012, Two-dimensional transition metal carbides, ACS Nano, 6, 1322, 10.1021/nn204153h · DOI · Paper page
  18. Naguib, 2013, New two-dimensional niobium and vanadium carbides as promising materials for Li-ion batteries, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 135, 15966, 10.1021/ja405735d · DOI · Paper page
  19. Halim, 2014, Transparent conductive two-dimensional titanium carbide epitaxial thin films, Chem. Mater., 26, 2374, 10.1021/cm500641a · DOI · Paper page
  20. Naguib, 2014, 25th anniversary article: MXenes: a new family of two-dimensional materials, Adv. Mater., 26, 992, 10.1002/adma.201304138 · DOI · Paper page
  21. Ghidiu, 2014, Synthesis and characterization of two-dimensional Nb4C3 (MXene), Chem. Commun. (Camb.), 50, 9517, 10.1039/C4CC03366C · DOI · Paper page
  22. Anasori, 2015, Two-dimensional, ordered, double transition metals carbides (MXenes), ACS Nano, 10.1021/acsnano.5b03591 · DOI · Paper page
  23. Naguib, 2012, MXene: a promising transition metal carbide anode for lithium-ion batteries, Electrochem. Commun., 16, 61, 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.01.002 · DOI · Paper page
  24. Mashtalir, 2013, Intercalation and delamination of layered carbides and carbonitrides, Nat. Commun., 4, 1716, 10.1038/ncomms2664 · DOI · Paper page
  25. Tang, 2012, Are MXenes promising anode materials for Li ion batteries? Computational studies on electronic properties and Li storage capability of Ti3C2 and Ti3C2X2 (X=F, OH) monolayer, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134, 16909, 10.1021/ja308463r · DOI · Paper page
  26. Come, 2012, A non-aqueous asymmetric cell with a Ti2C-based two-dimensional negative electrode, J. Electrochem. Soc., 159, A1368, 10.1149/2.003208jes · DOI · Paper page
  27. Lukatskaya, 2013, Cation intercalation and high volumetric capacitance of two-dimensional titanium carbide, Science, 341, 1502, 10.1126/science.1241488 · DOI · Paper page
  28. Mashtalir, 2014, Dye adsorption and decomposition on two-dimensional titanium carbide in aqueous media, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2, 14334, 10.1039/C4TA02638A · DOI · Paper page
  29. Peng, 2014, Unique lead adsorption behavior of activated hydroxyl group in two-dimensional titanium carbide, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 136, 4113, 10.1021/ja500506k · DOI · Paper page
  30. Li, 2014, Synthesis of ruthenium nanoparticles deposited on graphene-like transition metal carbide as an effective catalyst for the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 39, 14927, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.07.029 · DOI
  31. Ling, 2014, Flexible and conductive MXene films and nanocomposites with high capacitance, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 111, 16676, 10.1073/pnas.1414215111 · DOI · Paper page
  32. Naguib, 2015, Large-scale delamination of multi-layers transition metal carbides and carbonitrides “MXenes”, Dalton Trans., 44, 9353, 10.1039/C5DT01247C · DOI · Paper page
  33. Mashtalir, 2015, Amine-assisted delamination of Nb2C MXene for Li-ion energy storage devices, Adv. Mater., 27, 3501, 10.1002/adma.201500604 · DOI · Paper page
  34. Balendhran, 2015, Elemental analogues of graphene: silicene, germanene, stanene, and phosphorene, Small, 11, 640, 10.1002/smll.201402041 · DOI · Paper page
  35. Liu, 2015, Atomistic insight into the oxidation of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides: from structures to electronic properties, RSC Adv., 5, 17572, 10.1039/C4RA17320A · DOI
  36. Naguib, 2014, One-step synthesis of nanocrystalline transition metal oxides on thin sheets of disordered graphitic carbon by oxidation of MXenes, Chem. Commun. (Camb.), 50, 7420, 10.1039/C4CC01646G · DOI · Paper page
  37. Ghassemi, 2014, In situ environmental transmission electron microscopy study of oxidation of two-dimensional Ti3C2 and formation of carbon-supported TiO2, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2, 14339, 10.1039/C4TA02583K · DOI · Paper page
  38. Li, 2015, Thermal stability of two-dimensional Ti2C nanosheets, Ceram. Int., 41, 2631, 10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.10.070 · DOI · Paper page
  39. Yamamoto, 2008, In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of water on metals and oxides at ambient conditions, J. Phys.—Condens. Matter, 20, 184025, 10.1088/0953-8984/20/18/184025 · DOI · Paper page
  40. Mousty-Desbuquoit, 1987, Electronic structure of titanium(III) and titanium(IV) halides studied by solid-phase X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Inorg. Chem., 26, 1212, 10.1021/ic00255a008 · doi:10.1021/ic00255a008
  41. Luo, 2008, Hydrogen sorption kinetics of MgH2 catalyzed with NbF5, J. Alloys Compd., 453, 138, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.11.113 · doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.11.113
  42. Halbritter, 1987, Angle resolved XPS studies of oxides at Nb-, NbN-, NbC- and Nb3Sn-surfaces, IEEE Trans. Magn., 23, 1381, 10.1109/TMAG.1987.1065079 · doi:10.1109/tmag.1987.1065079
  43. Marques, 2008, XRD, XPS and SEM characterisation of Cu–NbC nanocomposite produced by mechanical alloying, Mater. Chem. Phys., 109, 174, 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2007.10.032 · DOI
  44. Schier, 1993, ARXPS-analysis of sputtered TiC, SiC and Ti0.5Si0.5C layers, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 346, 227, 10.1007/BF00321420 · doi:10.1007/bf00321420
  45. Lewin, 2009, Influence of sputter damage on the XPS analysis of metastable nanocomposite coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 204, 455, 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.08.006 · doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.08.006
  46. Myhra, 2001, Crystal-chemistry of the Ti3AlC2 and Ti4AlN3 layered carbide/nitride phases—characterization by XPS, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 62, 811, 10.1016/S0022-3697(00)00268-7 · DOI · Paper page
  47. Lukatskaya, 2014, Room-temperature carbide-derived carbon synthesis by electrochemical etching of MAX phases, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 53, 4877, 10.1002/anie.201402513 · doi:10.1002/anie.201402513
  48. Naguib, 2013, New two-dimensional niobium and vanadium carbides as promising materials for Li-ion batteries, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 135, 15966, 10.1021/ja405735d · DOI · Paper page
  49. Sultana, 2008, XPS analysis of laser transmission micro-joint between poly(vinylidene fluoride) and titanium, Appl. Surf. Sci., 255, 2569, 10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.07.149 · doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.07.149
  50. Santerre, 1999, Properties of TiC thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition, Appl. Surf. Sci., 148, 24, 10.1016/S0169-4332(99)00139-7 · doi:10.1016/s0169-4332(99)00139-7
  51. Diebold, 1996, TiO2 by XPS, Surf. Sci. Spectra, 4, 227, 10.1116/1.1247794 · DOI
  52. Tanuma, 2009, Partially fluorinated metal oxide catalysts for a Friedel–Crafts-type reaction of dichlorofluoromethane with tetrafluoroethylene, Catal. Lett., 136, 77, 10.1007/s10562-009-0197-3 · doi:10.1007/s10562-009-0197-3
  53. Jayaweera, 2007, Photoreaction of ethanol on TiO2(110) single-crystal surface, J. Phys. Chem. C, 111, 1764, 10.1021/jp0657538 · DOI
  54. Ernst, 1994, Fluorine-induced corrosion of aluminum microchip bond pads—an XPS and AES analysis, Surf. Interface Anal., 21, 691, 10.1002/sia.740211003 · doi:10.1002/sia.740211003
  55. Popova, 2000, Depth-dependent electrical impedance distribution in Al2O3 films on Al(111)-detection of an inner barrier layer, Langmuir, 16, 10309, 10.1021/la001009h · doi:10.1021/la001009h
  56. Dacca, 1998, XPS analysis of the surface composition of niobium for superconducting RF cavities, Appl. Surf. Sci., 126, 219, 10.1016/S0169-4332(97)00790-3 · doi:10.1016/s0169-4332(97)00790-3
  57. Romero, 2004, Nb2O5 thin films obtained by chemical spray pyrolysis, Surf. Interface Anal., 36, 888, 10.1002/sia.1793 · doi:10.1002/sia.1793
  58. Chen, 2011, Bipolar resistive switching characteristics of atomic layer deposited Nb2O5 thin films for nonvolatile memory application, Curr. Appl. Phys., 11, 849, 10.1016/j.cap.2010.12.005 · doi:10.1016/j.cap.2010.12.005
  59. Guo, 2014, Facile preparation of hierarchical Nb2O5 microspheres with photocatalytic activities and electrochemical properties, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2, 9236, 10.1039/C4TA01567C · doi:10.1039/c4ta01567c
  60. Miller, 2000, High temperature oxidation of Nb, NbC and Ni3Nb and oxygen enhanced crack growth, Scr. Mater., 42, 227, 10.1016/S1359-6462(99)00336-X · DOI
  61. Weibin, 2013, The investigation of NbO2 and Nb2O5 electronic structure by XPS, UPS and first principles methods, Surf. Interface Anal., 45, 1206, 10.1002/sia.5253 · DOI
  62. Xie, 2013, Hybrid density functional study of structural and electronic properties of functionalized Tin+1Xn (X=C, N) monolayers, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 87, 235441, 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.235441 · DOI · Paper page
  63. Lukatskaya, 2015, Probing the mechanism of high capacitance in 2D titanium carbide using in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Adv. Energy Mater., 10.1002/aenm.201500589 · DOI · Paper page
  64. Xie, 2014, Role of surface structure on Li-ion energy storage capacity of two-dimensional transition-metal carbides, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 136, 6385, 10.1021/ja501520b · DOI · Paper page
  65. Dall’Agnese, 2014, High capacitance of surface-modified 2D titanium carbide in acidic electrolyte, Electrochem. Commun., 48, 118, 10.1016/j.elecom.2014.09.002 · DOI · Paper page
  66. Didziulis, 1999, Substrate-dependent reactivity of water on metal carbide surfaces, J. Phys. Chem. B, 103, 11129, 10.1021/jp9923668 · doi:10.1021/jp9923668

Cited by

See all 2,047

Metadata

Authors
Halim, J., Cook, K. M., Naguib, M., Eklund, P., Gogotsi, Y., Rosen, J., & Barsoum, M. W.
Venue
Applied Surface Science
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-01
Volume
362
Pages
406-417
ISSN
0169-4332 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2185780818
Cited by
2,047
References
3
FWCI
24.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze
Licence
Funders
  • European Research Council under the European Communities Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013)
  • ERC (258509)
  • Swedish Research Council (642-2013-8020)
  • KAW Fellowship program
  • Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
  • Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of select multi-layered transition metal carbides (MXenes). https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.11.089
The paper
Halim, J., Cook, K. M., Naguib, M., Eklund, P., Gogotsi, Y., Rosen, J., & Barsoum, M. W. (2016). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of select multi-layered transition metal carbides (MXenes). Applied Surface Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.11.089

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.