Effects of music therapy on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common problems for patients and caregivers. Although music therapy is considered a non-pharmacological intervention for the management of BPSD, its effectiveness remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of music therapy on BPSD, cognitive function, and activities of daily living in patients with dementia. A literature search was conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Igaku Chuo Zasshi. We selected 20 studies, including randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, cohort studies, and controlled trials, and conducted a meta-analysis using standardized mean differences (SMD). The results showed that music therapy had moderate effects on anxiety [SMD, -0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI), -1.05 - -0.24; p=0.002] and small effects on behavioral symptoms (SMD, -0.49; 95% CI, -0.82 - -0.17; p=0.003). In studies of duration >3 months, music therapy had large effects on anxiety (SMD, -0.93; 95% CI, -1.72 - -0.13; p=0.02). The present systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that music therapy is effective for the management of BPSD.
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Several studies reported the efficacy of music to treat BPSD.
“Several studies reported the efficacy of music to treat BPSD (208–213), to enhance communications, relational processes and participation (199, 214–216), and to maintain or increase cognitive functions (217–222).”
From The Multidisciplinary Approach to Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia. A Narrative Review of Non-Pharmacological Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [212]
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- Authors
- Ueda, T., Suzukamo, Y., Sato, M., & Izumi, S.-I.
- Affiliations
- Tohoku University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Ueda, Tomomi
- Venue
- Ageing Research Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-03
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 628-641
- ISSN
- 1568-1637 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2046393612
- Cited by
- 330
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 7
- FWCI
- 3.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Ageing Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Music Therapy and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Conservation › Art Therapy and Mental Health
- Keywords
- music therapy, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, dementia, anxiety, behavioral symptoms, non-pharmacological treatment, cognitive function, activities of daily living
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Anxiety, Behavioral Symptoms, Cognition, Dementia, Humans, Music Therapy, Geriatric Assessment, Confidence Intervals, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome
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