Non-pharmacological interventions for adults with mild cognitive impairment and early stage dementia: An updated scoping review
Open accessAbstract
The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the science related to non-pharmacological interventions designed to slow decline for older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment or early-stage dementia. We reviewed 32 unique randomized controlled trials that employed cognitive training (remediation or compensation approaches), physical exercise, or psychotherapeutic interventions that were published before November 2014. Evidence suggests that cognitive training focused on remediation and physical exercise interventions may promote small improvements in selected cognitive abilities. Cognitive training focused on compensation interventions and selected psychotherapeutic interventions may influence how cognitive changes impact daily living. However, confidence in these findings is limited due to methodological limitations. To better assess the value of non-pharmacological interventions for this population, we recommend: (1) adoption of universal criteria for "early stage cognitive decline" among studies, (2) adherence to guidelines for the conceptualization, operationalization, and implementation of complex interventions, (3) consistent characterization of the impact of interventions on daily life, and (4) long-term follow-up of clinical outcomes to assess maintenance and meaningfulness of reported effects over time.
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There is some evidence that cognitive training and physical interventions may improve cognitive abilities in individuals with MCI, but the effects on daily functioning are small.
“There is some evidence that cognitive training and physical interventions may improve cognitive abilities in individuals with MCI; however, the effects on daily functioning are small.”
From Psychotherapeutic interventions in individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s dementia: a systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
The Discussion reports some evidence of small improvements in selected cognitive abilities from cognitive training and physical exercise. But the Results (§3.4; page not provided) say the benefit of those cognitive improvements for daily living is unclear, and the aerobic-exercise studies did not assess daily living. Small daily-living-related effects were reported only in two studies of compensatory training, so the claim overgeneralizes that finding. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Boripuntakul, S., Kothan, S., Methapatara, P., Munkhetvit, P., & Sungkarat, S. (2012) · Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics · doi:10.3109/02703181.2012.657822 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Makizako, H., Doi, T., Shimada, H., Yoshida, D., Tsutsumimoto, K., Uemura, K., & Suzuki, T. (2012) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2012.05.1541 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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Mobile Technology for Cognitive Assessment of older adults: a scoping review
Koo, B. M., & Vizer, L. M. (2019) · Innovation in Aging · doi:10.1093/geroni/igy038 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Chandler, M. J., Parks, A. C., Marsiske, M., Rotblatt, L. J., & Smith, G. E. (2016) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-016-9330-4 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Salzman, T., Sarquis-Adamson, Y., Son, S., Montero-Odasso, M., & Fraser, S. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.6744 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Chandler, M. J., Locke, D. E., Crook, J. E., Fields, J. A., Ball, C. T., Phatak, V. S., Dean, P. M., Morris, M., & Smith, G. E. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3016 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Larouche, E., Hudon, C., & Goulet, S. (2019) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.11.008 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Bae, S., Harada, K., Lee, S., Harada, K., Makino, K., Chiba, I., Park, H., & Shimada, H. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9051312 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Psychotherapeutic interventions in individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s dementia: a systematic review
Rostamzadeh, A., Kahlert, A., Kalthegener, F., & Jessen, F. (2022) · Alzheimer's Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-021-00956-8 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rodakowski, J., Saghafi, E., Butters, M. A., & Skidmore, E. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Skidmore, Elizabeth R.
- Venue
- Molecular Aspects of Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-06
- Volume
- 43-44
- Pages
- 38-53
- ISSN
- 0098-2997 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4600436
- OpenAlex
- W593726303
- Cited by
- 212
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 2.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Molecular Aspects of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (KL2TR000146, P30 MH090333, UL1 TR000005)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Keywords
- non-pharmacological treatment, mild cognitive impairment, early-stage dementia, cognitive training, cognitive remediation, compensatory strategies, physical activity, psychotherapeutic interventions, cognitive decline, older adults, complex interventions, everyday life
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Dementia, Humans, Psychotherapeutic Processes, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Cognitive Dysfunction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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