Combining Non-Pharmacological Treatments with Pharmacotherapies for Neurological Disorders: A Unique Interface of the Brain, Drug–Device, and Intellectual Property
Open accessAbstract
Mobile medical applications (mHealth), music, and video games are being developed and tested for their ability to improve pharmacotherapy outcomes and medication adherence. Pleiotropic mechanism of music and gamification engages an intrinsic motivation and the brain reward system, supporting therapies in patients with neurological disorders, including neuropathic pain, depression, anxiety, or neurodegenerative disorders. Based on accumulating results from clinical trials, an innovative combination treatment of epilepsy seizures, comorbidities, and the medication non-adherence can be designed, consisting of antiepileptic drugs and disease self-management software delivering clinically beneficial music. Since creative elements and art expressed in games, music, and software are copyrighted, therefore clinical and regulatory challenges in developing copyrighted, drug-device therapies may be offset by a value proposition of the exclusivity due to the patent-independent protection, which can last for over 70 years. Taken together, development of copyrighted non-pharmacological treatments (e-therapies), and their combinations with pharmacotherapies, offer incentives to chronically ill patients and outcome-driven health care industries.
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Depression was one of the top 10 causes of disability globally in 2019 and is associated with significant direct and indirect economic and societal burdens.
“Depression was one of the top 10 causes of disability globally in 2019 and is associated with significant direct and indirect economic and societal burdens.3,4”
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Bulaj, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bulaj, Grzegorz
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neurology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2014-07-14
- Volume
- 5
- Pages
- 126-126
- ISSN
- 1664-2295 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4095562
- OpenAlex
- W2050202223
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 3.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neurology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Music Therapy and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Medication Adherence and Compliance
- Keywords
- non-pharmacological treatment, pharmacotherapy, epilepsy, medication adherence, music therapy, gamification, video games, mobile health, brain reward system, intellectual property, copyright, patents, neuropathic pain, depression, anxiety, neurodegenerative diseases, antiepileptic drugs
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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