Cited by 1,007COVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesSARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchImmune responses and vaccinations

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Aging in COVID-19: Vulnerability, immunity and intervention

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Chen, Yiyin, Klein, Sabra L., Garibaldi, Brian T., Li, Huifen, Wu, Cunjin, Osevala, Nicole M., Li, Taisheng, Margolick, Joseph B., Pawelec, Graham, Leng, Sean X.·2021·Ageing Research Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101205PMC PMC7604159

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Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019, moved across the globe at an unprecedented speed, and is having a profound and yet still unfolding health and socioeconomic impacts. SARS-CoV-2, a β-coronavirus, is a highly contagious respiratory pathogen that causes a disease that has been termed the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Clinical experience thus far indicates that COVID-19 is highly heterogeneous, ranging from being asymptomatic and mild to severe and causing death. Host factors including age, sex, and comorbid conditions are key determinants of disease severity and progression. Aging itself is a prominent risk factor for severe disease and death from COVID-19. We hypothesize that age-related decline and dysregulation of immune function, i.e., immunosenescence and inflammaging play a major role in contributing to heightened vulnerability to severe COVID-19 outcomes in older adults. Much remains to be learned about the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We need to begin partitioning all immunological outcome data by age to better understand disease heterogeneity and aging. Such knowledge is critical not only for understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis but also for COVID-19 vaccine development.

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Authors: Chen, Y., Klein, S. L., Garibaldi, B. T., Li, H., Wu, C., Osevala, N. M., Li, T., Margolick, J. B., Pawelec, G., & Leng, S. X.
Affiliations: Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences (CN)
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Pennsylvania State University (US)
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN)
Health Sciences North (CA)
Corresponding author: Leng, Sean X.
ORCID: Chen, Yiyin
Klein, Sabra L.
Garibaldi, Brian T.
Li, Huifen
Li, Taisheng
Margolick, Joseph B.
Pawelec, Graham
Leng, Sean X.
Venue: Ageing Research Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2021-01
Volume: 65
Pages: 101205
ISSN: 1568-1637 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101205
PMC: PMC7604159
OpenAlex: W3095294553
Cited by: 1,007
References: 155
Citations by year: 2026: 39 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 184 · 2023: 273 · 2022: 264 · 2021: 159
FWCI: 8.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (am, 318 d)
Locations: Ageing Research Reviews (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (U54 AG062333, R42AG054322, R01 AI108907, R21 AG059742)
Milstein Medical Asian American Partnership Foundation
U.S. Department of Defense (W911QY-20\u22129-0012, W911QY-20, 9-0012)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, aging, immunosenescence, inflammaging, older adults, disease severity, immune response, comorbidities, sex differences, COVID-19 vaccine development, age-related immune decline
MeSH terms: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, Aged, Aging, China, Humans, Immunity, Coronavirus

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Aging in COVID-19: Vulnerability, immunity and intervention

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