Immunology of aging: the birth of inflammaging
Open accessAbstract
The inflammaging concept was introduced in 2000 by Prof. Franceschi. This was an evolutionary or rather a revolutionary conceptualization of the immune changes in response to a lifelong stress. This conceptualization permitted to consider the lifelong proinflammatory process as an adaptation which could eventually lead to either beneficial or detrimental consequences. This dichotomy is influenced by both the genetics and the environment. Depending on which way prevails in an individual, the outcome may be healthy longevity or pathological aging burdened with aging-related diseases. The concept of inflammaging has also revealed the complex, systemic nature of aging. Thus, this conceptualization opens the way to consider age-related processes in their complexity, meaning that not only the process but also all counter-processes should be considered. It has also opened the way to add new concepts to the original one, leading to better understanding of the nature of inflammaging and of aging itself. Finally, it showed the way towards potential multimodal interventions involving a holistic approach to optimize the aging process towards a healthy longevity.
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Aging is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation, with proinflammatory cytokines notably increased, including immune cells infiltrating WAT.
“A relationship between aging and chronic, low-grade inflammation exists, in which a term called “inflammaging” arose, coined by Dr. Franceschi in the year 2000 (38). With this, proinflammatory cytokines are notably increased, including immune cells infiltrating WAT (38).”
From Metabolic impact of endogenously produced estrogens by adipose tissue in females and males across the lifespan (2025) · cites this paper as [38]
The ‘Birth of Inflammaging’ section says pro-inflammatory status increases with aging and identifies Franceschi’s 2000 introduction of the concept. The ‘Inflammaging as the Primum Movens’ section describes its common definition as chronic, low-grade inflammation, and the paper reports increased IL-6 with aging. The passages found do not support the specific claim that immune cells infiltrate white adipose tissue (WAT). Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Fulop, T., Larbi, A., Pawelec, G., Khalil, A., Cohen, A. A., Hirokawa, K., Witkowski, J. M., & Franceschi, C.
- Affiliations
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
- Health Sciences North (CA)
- Université de Sherbrooke (CA)
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (JP)
- Gdańsk Medical University (PL)
- N. I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod (RU)
- Venue
- Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
- Published
- 2021-09-18
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 109-122
- ISSN
- 1080-0549 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-0267
- PMC
- PMC8449217
- OpenAlex
- W3201542050
- Cited by
- 464
- References
- 205
- Citations by year
- 2026: 104 · 2025: 131 · 2024: 111 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 4.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- cihr (106634 and PJT-162366)
- fonds de recherche du québec-société et culture
- krajowy naukowy osrodek wiodacy
- a*star
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Keywords
- inflammaging, immunosenescence, aging, low-grade inflammation, healthy longevity, age-related diseases, genetic and environmental factors, multimodal intervention
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Longevity, Pregnancy, Parturition
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