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Cited by 30Knee injuries and reconstruction techniquesLower Extremity Biomechanics and PathologiesTendon Structure and Treatment

Measurement of the End‐to‐End Distances Between the Femoral and Tibial Insertion Sites of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament During Knee Flexion and With Rotational Torque

Wang, Joon Ho, Kato, Yuki, Ingham, Sheila J.M., Maeyama, Akira, Linde‐Rosen, Monica, Smolinski, Patrick, Fu, Freddie H.·2012·Arthroscopy
DOI 10.1016/j.arthro.2012.03.004
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Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the end‐to‐end distance changes in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) fibers during flexion/extension and internal/external rotation of the knee. Methods: The positional relation between the femur and tibia of 10 knees was digitized on a robotic system during flexion/extension and with an internal/external rotational torque (5 Nm). The ACL insertion site data, acquired by 3‐dimensional scanning, were superimposed on the positional data. The end‐to‐end distances of 5 representative points on the femoral and tibial insertion sites of the ACL were calculated. Results: The end‐to‐end distances of all representative points except the most anterior points were longest at full extension and shortest at 90°. The distances of the anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) bundles were 37.2 ± 2.1 mm and 27.5 ± 2.8 mm, respectively, at full extension and 34.7 ± 2.4 mm and 20.7 ± 2.3 mm, respectively, at 90°. Only 4 knees had an isometric point, which was 1 of the 3 anterior points. Under an internal torque, both bundles became longer with statistical meaning at all flexion angles ( P = .005). The end‐to‐end distances of all points became longest with internal torque at full extension and shortest with an external torque at 90°. Conclusions: Only 4 of 10 specimens had an isometric point at a variable anterior point. The end‐to‐end distances of the AM and PL bundles were longer in extension and shorter in flexion. Clinical Relevance: The nonisometric tendency of the ACL and the end‐to‐end distance change during knee flexion/extension and internal/external rotation should be considered during ACL reconstruction to avoid overconstraint of the graft.

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Authors
Wang, J. H., Kato, Y., Ingham, S. J. M., Maeyama, A., Linde‐Rosen, M., Smolinski, P., & Fu, F. H.
Affiliations
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
  • Nihon University (JP)
  • Department of Orthopaedic Surgery School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania U.S.A.
Corresponding author
Fu, Freddie H.
ORCID
Venue
Arthroscopy
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2012-06-21
Volume
28
Issue
10
Pages
1524-1532
ISSN
  • 0749-8063 (ISSN-L)
  • 1526-3231
DOI
10.1016/j.arthro.2012.03.004
OpenAlex
W2065194826
Cited by
30
References
35
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2
FWCI
1.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Arthroscopy The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Tendon Structure and Treatment
Keywords
anterior cruciate ligament, end-to-end distance, knee flexion, knee rotation, anteromedial bundle, posterolateral bundle, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, 3D scanning
MeSH terms
Aged, Biomechanical Phenomena, Body Weights and Measures, Cadaver, Female, Femur, Humans, Knee Joint, Male, Middle Aged, Robotics, Rotation, Stress, Mechanical, Tibia, Range of Motion, Articular, Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Torque

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