Caloric Restriction with or without Exercise: The Fitness versus Fatness Debate
Open accessAbstract
UNLABELLED: There is a debate over the independent effects of aerobic fitness and body fatness on mortality and disease risks. PURPOSE: To determine whether a 25% energy deficit that produces equal change in body fatness leads to greater cardiometabolic benefits when aerobic exercise is included. METHODS: Thirty-six overweight participants (16 males/20 females) (39 +/- 1 yr; 82 +/- 2 kg; body mass index = 27.8 +/- 0.3 kg x m2, mean +/- SEM) were randomized to one of three groups (n = 12 for each) for a 6-month intervention: control (CO, weight-maintenance diet), caloric restriction (CR, 25% reduction in energy intake), or caloric restriction plus aerobic exercise (CR + EX, 12.5% reduction in energy intake plus 12.5% increase in exercise energy expenditure). Food was provided during weeks 1-12 and 22-24. Changes in fat mass, visceral fat, VO2peak (graded treadmill test), muscular strength (isokinetic knee extension/flexion), blood lipids, blood pressure, and insulin sensitivity/secretion were compared. RESULTS: As expected, VO2peak was significantly improved after 6 months of intervention in CR + EX only (22 +/- 5% vs 7 +/- 5% in CR and -5 +/- 3% in CO), whereas isokinetic muscular strength did not change. There was no difference in the losses of weight, fat mass, or visceral fat and changes in systolic blood pressure (BP) between the intervention groups. However, only CR + EX had a significant decrease in diastolic BP (-5 +/- 3% vs -2 +/- 2% in CR and -1 +/- 2% in CO), in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (-13 +/- 4% vs -6 +/- 3% in CR and 2 +/- 4% in CO), and a significant increase in insulin sensitivity (66 +/- 22% vs 40 +/- 20% in CR and 1 +/- 11% in CO). CONCLUSIONS: Despite similar effect on fat losses, combining CR with exercise increased aerobic fitness in parallel with improved insulin sensitivity, LDL cholesterol, and diastolic BP. The results lend support for inclusion of an exercise component in weight loss programs to improve metabolic fitness.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Responses to treatment for overfat adults are more related to an energetic imbalance between dietary caloric load and expenditure from activity than to the actual intervention (diet, exercise, or combination).
“While others [4,9-12] have indicated the responses are more related to an energetic imbalance (e.g., kcal/day, kJ/day) between dietary caloric load and expenditure from activity that results from the intervention of choice (e.g., diet, exercise, or combination therein) than the actual intervention for the adult who is overfat.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,400 · see citing works
Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance
Shulman, G. I. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci10583 · Cited by 2,714 · see citing works
Yudkin, J. S., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Emeis, J. J., & Coppack, S. W. (1999) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.19.4.972 · Cited by 2,465 · see citing works
Ross, R., Dagnone, D., Jones, P. J. H., Smith, H., Paddags, A., Hudson, R., & Janssen, I. (2000) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-133-2-200007180-00008 · Cited by 1,435 · see citing works
Keaney, J. F., Larson, M. G., Vasan, R. S., Wilson, P. W. F., Lipinska, I., Corey, D., Massaro, J. M., Sutherland, P., Vita, J. A., & Benjamin, E. J. (2003) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000058402.34138.11 · Cited by 1,304 · see citing works
Wei, M. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.16.1547 · Cited by 1,168 · see citing works
Bastard, J., Jardel, C., Bruckert, É., Blondy, P., Capeau, J., Laville, M., Vidal, H., & Hainque, B. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.9.6839 · Cited by 1,102 · see citing works
Exercise, Glucose Transport, and Insulin Sensitivity
Goodyear, L. J., & Kahn, B. B. (1998) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.med.49.1.235 · Cited by 1,056 · see citing works
Lee, C. D., Blair, S. N., & Jackson, A. S. (1999) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/69.3.373 · Cited by 1,027 · see citing works
Weindruch, R. H., Walford, R. L., Fligiel, S., & Guthrie, D. (1986) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/116.4.641 · Cited by 992 · see citing works
Heilbronn, L. K., de Jonge, L., Frisard, M. I., DeLany, J. P., Larson-Meyer, D. E., Rood, J., Nguyen, T., Martin, C. K., Volaufova, J., Most, M. M., et al. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.13.1539 · Cited by 969 · see citing works
Self-citationAdiposity as Compared with Physical Activity in Predicting Mortality among Women
Hu, F. B., Willett, W. C., Li, T., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., & Manson, J. E. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa042135 · Cited by 798 · see citing works
Wei, M., Gibbons, L. W., Kampert, J. B., Nichaman, M. Z., & Blair, S. N. (2000) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-132-8-200004180-00002 · Cited by 709 · see citing works
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Adiposity as Mortality Predictors in Older Adults
Sui, X., LaMonte, M. J., Laditka, J. N., Hardin, J. W., Chase, N., Hooker, S. P., & Blair, S. N. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.21.2507 · Cited by 640 · see citing works
ACSM's resource manual for Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription
Kaminsky, L. A. (2006) · Acquire (CQUniversity) · Cited by 605 · see citing works
Smith, S. R., Lovejoy, J. C., Greenway, F., Ryan, D. H., de Jonge, L., de la Bretonne, J. A., Volafova, J., & Bray, G. A. (2001) · Metabolism · doi:10.1053/meta.2001.21693 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
Eckel, R. H. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.9.3248 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Larson-Meyer, D. E., Heilbronn, L. K., Redman, L. M., Newcomer, B. R., Frisard, M. I., Anton, S., Smith, S. R., Alfonso, A., Ravussin, E., & the Pennington CALERIE Team (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc05-2565 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Self-citationExercise capacity and body composition as predictors of mortality among men with diabetes
Church, T. S., Cheng, Y. J., Earnest, C. P., Barlow, C. E., Gibbons, L. W., Priest, E. L., & Blair, S. N. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.1.83 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Church, T. S., LaMonte, M. J., Barlow, C. E., & Blair, S. N. (2005) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.165.18.2114 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Saad, M. F., Anderson, R. L., Laws, A., Watanabe, R. M., Kades, W. W., Chen, Y. D. I., Sands, R. E., Pei, D., Savage, P. J., & Bergman, R. N. (1994) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.43.9.1114 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Stevens, J. (2002) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwf114 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
WELCH, S., Gebhart, S. S. P., Bergman, R. N., & Phillips, L. S. (1990) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-71-6-1508 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Effect of Calorie Restriction with or without Exercise on Body Composition and Fat Distribution
Redman, L. M., Heilbronn, L. K., Martin, C. K., Alfonso, A., Smith, S. R., Ravussin, E., & for the Pennington CALERIE Team (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2184 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysical activity, cardiovascular risk factors, and mortality among Finnish adults with diabetes
Hu, G., Jousilahti, P., Barengo, N. C., Qiao, Q., Lakka, T. A., & Tuomilehto, J. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.4.799 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Halbert, J. A., Silagy, C., Finucane, P. M., Withers, R., Hamdorf, P. A., & Gr, A. (1997) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1000509 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Caloric restriction alone and with exercise improves CVD risk in healthy non-obese individuals
Lefevre, M., Redman, L. M., Heilbronn, L. K., Smith, J. V., Martin, C. K., Rood, J. C., Greenway, F. L., Williamson, D. A., Smith, S. R., & Ravussin, E. (2009) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.05.036 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citationGiacchetti, G., Faloia, E., Mariniello, B., Sardu, C., Gatti, C., Camilloni, M. A., Guerrieri, M., & Mantero, F. (2002) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(02)02257-4 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Mortality rate and longevity of food-restricted exercising male rats: a reevaluation
Holloszy, J. O. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.82.2.399 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Effect of Long-Term Calorie Restriction With Adequate Protein and Micronutrients on Thyroid Hormones
Fontana, L., Klein, S., Holloszy, J. O., & Premachandra, B. N. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0328 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
A forty-year memoir of research on the regulation of glucose transport into muscle
Holloszy, J. O. (2003) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00463.2002 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Christou, D. D., Gentile, C. L., DeSouza, C. A., Seals, D. R., & Gates, P. E. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000161818.28974.1a · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Does physical activity ameliorate the health hazards of obesity?: Figure 1
Lee, D. C., Sui, X., & Blair, S. N. (2009) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.2008.054536 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Fitness, Fatness, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes
Wing, R. R., Jakicic, J. M., Neiberg, R. H., Lang, W., Blair, S. N., Cooper, L. S., Hill, J. O., Johnson, K., & Lewis, C. E. (2007) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31815614cb · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Epidemiology of atherosclerosis: An updated overview
Criqui, M. H. (1986) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(86)91022-2 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Fitness, fatness, and estimated coronary heart disease risk: the HERITAGE Family Study
Katzmarzyk, P. T., Gagnon, J., Leon, A. S., Skinner, J. S., Wilmore, J. H., Rao, D. C., & Bouchard, C. (2001) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200104000-00012 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
High blood pressure and end-organ damage.
Cutler, J. A. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Stiffening Our Resolve Against Adult Weight Gain
Seals, D. R., & Gates, P. E. (2004) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000152199.18202.a9 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Kodama, S. (2007) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.167.10.999 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 40 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Calorie restriction in humans: An update
Most, J., Tosti, V., Redman, L. M., & Fontana, L. (2017) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.08.005 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysical activity and exercise in the regulation of human adipose tissue physiology.
Thompson, D., Karpe, F., Lafontan, M., & Frayn, K. (2012) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00012.2011 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Of mice and men: the benefits of caloric restriction, exercise, and mimetics
Mercken, E. M., Carboneau, B. A., Krzysik-Walker, S. M., & de Cabo, R. (2012) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2011.11.005 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Exercise in the management of obesity
Petridou, A., Siopi, A., & Mougios, V. (2019) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2018.10.009 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Vanhees, L., Geladas, N. D., Hansen, D., Kouidi, E. J., Niebauer, J., Reiner, Ž., Cornelissen, V., Adamopoulos, S., Prescott, E., & Börjesson, M. (2011) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/1741826711430926 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Calorie Restriction and Aging in Humans
Flanagan, E. W., Most, J., Mey, J. T., & Redman, L. M. (2020) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-122319-034601 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Self-citationThe ups and downs of caloric restriction and fasting: from molecular effects to clinical application
Hofer, S. J., Carmona‐Gutiérrez, D., Mueller, M. I., & Madeo, F. (2021) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.15252/emmm.202114418 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Trepanowski, J. F., Canale, R. E., Marshall, K. E., Kabir, M. M., & Bloomer, R. J. (2011) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-10-107 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Clark, J. E. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40200-015-0154-1 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Exercise Induces Tissue-Specific Adaptations to Enhance Cardiometabolic Health
Ashcroft, S. P., Stocks, B., Egan, B., & Zierath, J. R. (2024) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.008 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Dietary Weight Loss and Exercise Effects on Insulin Resistance in Postmenopausal Women
Mason, C. E., Foster‐Schubert, K. E., Imayama, I., Kong, A., Xiao, L., Bain, C. E., Campbell, K. L., Wang, C.-Y., Duggan, C. R., Ulrich, C. M., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.06.042 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Effective weight management practice: a review of the lifestyle intervention evidence
Kirk, S., Penney, T. L., McHugh, T.-L., & Sharma, A. M. (2011) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.80 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Battista, F., Ermolao, A., van Baak, M. A., Beaulieu, K., Blundell, J. E., Busetto, L., Carraça, E. V., Encantado, J., Dicker, D., Farpour‐Lambert, N. J., et al. (2021) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13269 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
A Comparison of Energy Expenditure Estimation of Several Physical Activity Monitors
Dannecker, K. L., Sazonova, N. A., Melanson, E. L., Sazonov, E. E., & Browning, R. C. (2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318299d2eb · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Long-term effects of weight-reducing diets in hypertensive patients
Siebenhofer, A., Jeitler, K., Berghold, A., Waltering, A., Hemkens, L. G., Semlitsch, T., Pachler, C., Strametz, R., & Horvath, K. (2011) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008274.pub2 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Most, J., Gilmore, L. A., Smith, S. R., Han, H., Ravussin, E., & Redman, L. M. (2018) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00261.2017 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationFernández, T., Viñuela, M., Vidal, C., & Barrera, F. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263931 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Long-term effects of weight-reducing diets in people with hypertension
Semlitsch, T., Jeitler, K., Berghold, A., Horvath, K., Posch, N., Poggenburg, S., & Siebenhofer, A. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008274.pub3 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Current nutritional and pharmacological anti-aging interventions
Ros, M., & Carrascosa, J. M. (2019) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165612 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Ribarič, S. (2012) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2012/741468 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Recchia, F., Leung, C. K., Yu, A. P., Leung, W., Yu, D. J., Fong, D., Montero, D., Lee, C., Wong, S. H., & Siu, P. M. (2023) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2022-106304 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Cardiovascular risk and atherosclerosis prevention
Frohlich, J. J., & Al-Sarraf, A. J. (2012) · Cardiovascular Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.carpath.2012.03.001 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Bays, H. (2010) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1586/erc.10.125 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The Effect of Exercise on Obesity, Body Fat Distribution and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
Goedecke, J. H., & Micklesfield, L. K. (2014) · Medicine and sport science/Medicine and sport · doi:10.1159/000357338 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Zibellini, J., Seimon, R. V., Lee, C. M. Y., Gibson, A. A., Hsu, M. S. H., & Sainsbury, A. (2016) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12422 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Redman, L. M., Huffman, K. M., Landerman, L. R., Pieper, C. F., Bain, J. R., Muehlbauer, M. J., Stevens, R. D., Wenner, B. R., Kraus, V. B., Newgard, C. B., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-1971 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationLong-term effects of weight-reducing diets in people with hypertension
Semlitsch, T., Krenn, C., Jeitler, K., Berghold, A., Horvath, K., & Siebenhofer, A. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008274.pub4 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Sousa, A. S., Sponton, A. C. D. S., TRIFONE, C. B., & Delbin, M. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01009 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Mthembu, S. X. H., Mazibuko-Mbeje, S. E., Ziqubu, K., Nyawo, T. A., Obonye, N., Nyambuya, T. M., Nkambule, B. B., Silvestri, S., Tiano, L., Muller, C. J. F., et al. (2022) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120467 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Hwang, P. S., Machek, S. B., Cardaci, T. D., Wilburn, D. T., Kim, C. S., Suezaki, E. S., & Willoughby, D. S. (2019) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2019.1705203 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Hurvitz, N., Elkhateeb, N., Sigawi, T., Rinsky‐Halivni, L., & Ilan, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2022.1044038 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Little evidence of systemic and adipose tissue inflammation in overweight individuals
Redman, L. M. (2012) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2012.00058 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationPeacock, J. C., & Zizzi, S. J. (2011) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-011-0366-5 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Calorie restriction regime enhances physical performance of trained athletes
Pons, V., Riera, J., Capó, X., Martorell, M., Sureda, A., Tur, J. A., Drobnic, F., & Pons, A. (2018) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-018-0214-2 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Kebbe, M., Sparks, J. R., Flanagan, E. W., & Redman, L. M. (2021) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1080/17446651.2021.1922077 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Panacea of Human Aging: Calorie Restriction Versus Exercise
Broskey, N. T., Marlatt, K. L., Most, J., Erickson, M. L., Irving, B. A., & Redman, L. M. (2019) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000193 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationKirkham, A. A., Beka, V., & Prado, C. M. M. (2020) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.06.029 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Pericardial fat loss in postmenopausal women under conditions of equal energy deficit
BRINKLEY, T. E., DING, J., CARR, J. J., & NICKLAS, B. J. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181fb512d · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Suga, T., Kinugawa, S., Takada, S., Kadoguchi, T., Fukushima, A., Homma, T., Masaki, Y., Furihata, T., Takahashi, M., Sobirin, M. A., et al. (2013) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2013-1382 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Exercise as a Calorie Restriction Mimetic: Implications for Improving Healthy Aging and Longevity
Huffman, D. M. (2010) · Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics · doi:10.1159/000320000 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The Impact of Weight Cycling on Health and Obesity
Wang, H., He, W., Yang, G., Zhu, L., & Liu, X. (2024) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo14060344 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Rodríguez-Bies, E., Calvo, S. S.-C., Fontán‐Lozano, Á., Peña, J., de la Rosa, F. J. B., Carrión, Á. M., Navas, P., & López‐Lluch, G. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013900 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Sparling, P. B., Franklin, B. A., & Hill, J. O. (2013) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0b013e3182721568 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
McKean, M. R., Slater, G., Oprescu, F., & Burkett, B. J. (2014) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0051 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Capó, X., Martorell, M., Ferrer, M. D., Sureda, A., Pons, V., Domingo, J. C., Drobnic, F., Martínez-Rodríguez, A., Leyva-Vela, B., Sarabia, J. M., et al. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12040930 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Bergouignan, A., Kealey, E. H., Schmidt, S. L., Jackman, M. R., & Bessesen, D. H. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094181 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Klos, L. A., Greenleaf, C. A., Paly, N., Kessler, M. M., Shoemaker, C. G., & Suchla, E. A. (2015) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2014.965371 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Clark, J. E. (2012) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1186/2251-6581-11-19 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Missong, H., Joshi, R., Khullar, N., Thareja, S., Navik, U., Bhatti, G. K., & Bhatti, J. S. (2024) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109592 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Effects of age, sex, and treatment on weight-loss dynamics in overweight people
Rojo-Tirado, M. A., Benito, P. J., Atienza, D., Rincón, E., & Calderón, F. J. (2013) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2012-0441 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Exercise in the Management of Obesity
Moinuddin, I. K., Collins, E. G., & Kramer, H. (2012) · Journal of Obesity & Weight loss Therapy · doi:10.4172/2165-7904.1000117 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Dietary Restriction: Critical Co-Factors to Separate Health Span from Life Span Benefits
Mendelsohn, A. R., & Larrick, J. W. (2012) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2012.1371 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Community Fitness Center-Based Physical Activity Interventions
Beedie, C., Mann, S., & Jiménez, A. (2014) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1249/jsr.0000000000000070 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Obesity-related complications: few biochemical phenomena with reference to tumorigenesis.
Iskander, K., Farhour, R., Ficek, M., & Ray, A. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Fitness, Fatness, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Outcomes
Jakicic, J. M., Mishler, A. E., & Rogers, R. J. (2011) · Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports · doi:10.1007/s12170-011-0158-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Gopalan, V., Michael, N., Ishino, S., Lee, S. S., Yang, A. Y., Prakash, B., Yaligar, J., Sadananthan, S. A., Kaneko, M., Zhou, Z., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep26445 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Miller, C. T., Fraser, S. F., Selig, S., Rice, T., Grima, M. T., Straznicky, N. E., Levinger, I., Lambert, É., van den Hoek, D., & Dixon, J. B. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1232-5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Effect of Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: The SHAPE Study
van Gemert, W. A., Monninkhof, E. M., May, A. M., Peeters, P. H. M., & Schuit, A. J. (2014) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0722 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Complex Terrain Load Carriage Energy Expenditure Estimation Using Global Positioning System Devices
Potter, A. W., Santee, W. R., MULLEN, S. P., Karis, A. J., Blanchard, L., Rome, M. N., Pitts, K. P., & Looney, D. P. (2018) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001669 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
KONES, R. J. (2010) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1177/0884533610380614 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Hołowko, J., Cięszczyk, P., Biliński, J., Basak, G. W., & Stachowska, E. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12123604 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Aparicio, V. A., Coll‐Risco, I., Camiletti‐Moirón, D., Nebot, E., Martínez, R., López-Jurado, M., & Aranda, P. (2016) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2016.01.005 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Evans, R. A., Dolmage, T. E., Robles, P., Brooks, D., & Goldstein, R. S. (2016) · Chronic Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1177/1479972316643699 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Fujimoto, N., Moriwaki, K., Takeuchi, T., Sawai, T., Sato, Y., Kumagai, N., Masuda, J., Nakamori, S., Ito, M., & Dohi, K. (2019) · Heart and Vessels · doi:10.1007/s00380-019-01526-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kazeminasab, F., Mahboobi, M. H., Mohebinejad, M., Nojoumi, M., Belyani, S., CAMERA, D. M., Moradi, S., & Bagheri, R. (2025) · Current Developments in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104574 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Martorell, M., Pons, V., Domingo, J. C., Capó, X., Sureda, A., Drobnic, F., Tur, J. A., & Pons, A. (2018) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000486553 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Da‐Re, T. M., dos Santos, G. A., Rossi, L. H., Risso, C. B., Consonni, S. R., & Delbin, M. A. (2025) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.70506 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ahmed, S. I., & Carbone, S. (2023) · Minerva Cardiology and Angiology · doi:10.23736/s2724-5683.23.06298-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Exercise in a Healthy Heart Program: A Cohort Study
Meikle, J., Al-Sarraf, A. J., Li, M., Grierson, K., & Frohlich, J. (2013) · Clinical Medicine Insights Cardiology · doi:10.4137/cmc.s12654 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Azevedo, J., & Mundstock, E. (2018) · Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte · doi:10.1016/j.rbce.2018.03.017 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The influence of an exercise program in middle-aged women on dietary habits. The FLAMENCO project
Coll‐Risco, I., Flor‐Alemany, M., Acosta‐Manzano, P., Borges‐Cosic, M., Camiletti‐Moirón, D., Baena‐García, L., & Aparicio, V. A. (2022) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000002071 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Esser, N., Paquot, N., & Scheen, A. J. (2010) · Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques · doi:10.1016/s1957-2557(10)70062-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Esser, N., Paquot, N., & Scheen, A. J. (2010) · Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques · doi:10.1016/s1957-2557(10)70161-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Win, K. M., Latt, T. S., Bwa, A. H., Aye, K. M., Tun, K. S., & Gandhi, H. (2025) · Endocrine and Metabolic Science · doi:10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100218 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Prevention of Obesity, Diabetes, and Cancer with Lifestyle Intervention Strategies
Junco, J. J., & Slaga, T. J. (2012) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b12893-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Preventing Diabetes with Diet and Exercise
Walker, K. Z., & O’Dea, K. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385083-6.00010-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Changes in Body Composition and Functional Capacity of Antarctic Expedition Participants
Alexandrova, A., Petrov, L., Petrova, B., Zdravcheva, M., Bonova, I., & Sheytanova, T. (2026) · Physiologia · doi:10.3390/physiologia6020027 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hamre, M. C., Hongu, N. K., Lee, V. R., Welter, G. S., Farr, J. N., & Going, S. B. (2010) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.lb340 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Exercise after bariatric surgery for obese adults
Parra, M. T., Riera, R., Atallah, Á. N., & Porfírio, G. J. M. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011340
RetractedThomas, A. S. (2010) · Cardinal Scholar (Ball State University)
Burnett, D. M. (2013) · KU ScholarWorks (University of Kansas)
Anttila, M. (2014) · Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä)
Stevenson, J. L. (2011) · ThinkTech (Texas Tech University)
Ogunyemi, D. A., Whitten, A. E., Mahesan, A. M., Paul, A. B. M., & Boura, J. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes Mellitus · doi:10.4236/jdm.2016.61008
Effects of age, sex and treatment on weight loss dynamics in obese people.
Rojo‐Tirado, M. Á., Benito, P. J., & Calderón, F. J. (2016) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Demerdash, H. M., Hady, S. A., & Kandil, L. S. (2018) · Obesity Research - Open Journal · doi:10.17140/oroj-5-135
Franklin, B. A., Brinks, J., & Hendrickson, K. D. (2015) · ACSMʼs Health & Fitness Journal · doi:10.1249/fit.0000000000000148
Rojo‐Tirado, M. Á., Benito, P. J., & Calderón, F. J. (2021) · Nutrición Hospitalaria · doi:10.20960/nh.03425
Azevedo, A. M. A. (2012) · Lusophone University Repository
Bracko, M. R. (2010) · ACSMʼs Health & Fitness Journal · doi:10.1249/fit.0b013e3181ed5990
Shekar, S., Veeranna, R. P., & Urooj, A. (2025) · doi:10.38124/ijisrt/25aug156
Abdel‐Aal, N. M., El-Sayyad, M. M., Ahmed, S. S., Basha, M. A., & Kamel, F. H. (2025) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.11.012
Rojo‐Tirado, M. Á., Lozano, A. B. P., & Peinado, P. J. B. (2012) · Hispana
Effect of whole body vibration on insulin resistance in obese postmenopausal women
Kelini, K. I. S., Ali, M. S., Abouelfetouh, S. M., Khattab, M. N. M., & Mahany, A. M. A. (2026) · Physiotherapy Quarterly · doi:10.5114/pq/208756
- Authors
- LARSON-MEYER, D. E., REDMAN, L., HEILBRONN, L. K., MARTIN, C. K., & RAVUSSIN, E.
- Affiliations
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research (AU)
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2010-01
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 152-159
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2806223
- OpenAlex
- W2051432015
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 26.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k23dk068052-04)
- National Institute on Aging (U01AG020478, U01-AG20478)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K23-DK-068052, K01DK062018)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- caloric restriction, aerobic exercise, negative energy balance, overweight, weight loss, cardiorespiratory fitness, peak oxygen uptake, insulin sensitivity, LDL cholesterol, blood pressure, visceral fat, fat mass, isokinetic strength, cardiometabolic health, metabolic fitness
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Body Composition, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Fitness, Weight Loss, Exercise, Treatment Outcome, Caloric Restriction, Overweight, Muscle Strength
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
