Cited by 400Genomics and Chromatin DynamicsCancer-related gene regulationEpigenetics and DNA Methylation

Chemical mechanisms of histone lysine and arginine modifications

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Smith, Brian C., Denu, John M.·2009·Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms

Abstract

Histone lysine and arginine residues are subject to a wide array of post-translational modifications including methylation, citrullination, acetylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation. The combinatorial action of these modifications regulates critical DNA processes including replication, repair, and transcription. In addition, enzymes that modify histone lysine and arginine residues have been correlated with a variety of human diseases including arthritis, cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, it is important to fully understand the detailed kinetic and chemical mechanisms of these enzymes. Here, we review recent progress towards determining the mechanisms of histone lysine and arginine modifying enzymes. In particular, the mechanisms of S-adenosyl-methionine (AdoMet) dependent methyltransferases, FAD-dependent demethylases, iron dependent demethylases, acetyl-CoA dependent acetyltransferases, zinc dependent deacetylases, NAD(+) dependent deacetylases, and protein arginine deiminases are covered. Particular attention is paid to the conserved active-site residues necessary for catalysis and the individual chemical steps along the catalytic pathway. When appropriate, areas requiring further work are discussed.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2008.06.005

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Authors
Smith, B. C., & Denu, J. M.
Affiliations
University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
Corresponding author
Denu, John M.
Venue
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-01
Volume
1789
Issue
1
Pages
45-57
ISSN
1874-9399 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2049365130
Cited by
390
References
169
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 25
FWCI
2.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM 08349, GM-065386, T32GM008349, R01GM065386, R01GM059785)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cancer-related gene regulation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Keywords
post-translational modification, histone methyltransferase, S-adenosylmethionine, histone acetyltransferase, histone deacetylase, protein arginine deiminases, catalytic mechanism, active site residues, histone-modifying enzymes, epigenetics
MeSH terms
Animals, Arginine, Catalysis, DNA, Histones, Humans, Lysine, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Catalytic Domain

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