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Cited by 42Exercise and Physiological ResponsesPhysical Activity and HealthTryptophan and brain disorders

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Inflammatory markers and negative mood symptoms following exercise withdrawal

Kop, Willem J., Weinstein, Ali A., Deuster, Patricia A., Whittaker, Kerry S., Tracy, Russell P.·2008·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
DOI 10.1016/j.bbi.2008.05.011
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Abstract

Objective Physical inactivity is associated with elevated inflammatory markers, but little is known about the time trajectories of reduced physical activity and inflammatory markers. Changes in inflammatory markers in response to withholding regular aerobic exercise were prospectively examined and correlated with increased negative mood symptoms and fatigue that accompany exercise withdrawal. Methods Participants with regular exercise habits (N=40, mean age of 31.3+/-7.5 years, 55% women) were randomized to aerobic exercise withdrawal or to continue regular exercise for 2 weeks. Protocol adherence was documented using ambulatory actigraphy. Inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1) were assessed at weekly intervals. Negative mood was measured with the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and fatigue with the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI). Autonomic nervous system activity was examined using heart rate variability-based indices. Results Changes in inflammatory markers did not differ between exercise withdrawal and control groups (multivariate p interaction=0.25). Exercise withdrawal resulted in increased negative mood symptoms and fatigue from baseline to day 14 compared to controls (p DeltaPOMS=0.008, p DeltaBDI=0.002; p DeltaMFI=0.003), but these responses were not associated with changes in inflammatory markers (p-values >0.10). Inflammatory markers were als…

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  • Withdrawal of regular exercise in healthy individuals leads to increased negative mood and fatigue within 14 days compared to controls.

    “Perhaps the most compelling argument for the benefits of exercise can be taken from studies that show the negative consequences during withdrawal of regular exercise, where symptoms of increased negative mood and fatigue were seen in healthy individuals in as little as 14 days, compared to controls (Kop et al., 2008).”

    From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Kop et al., 2008

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Metadata

Authors
Kop, W. J., Weinstein, A. A., Deuster, P. A., Whittaker, K. S., & Tracy, R. P.
Affiliations
  • University of Maryland Medical Center (US)
  • George Mason University (US)
  • Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (US)
  • University of Vermont (US)
Corresponding author
Kop, Willem J.
ORCID
Venue
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-11
Volume
22
Issue
8
Pages
1190-1196
ISSN
0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.bbi.2008.05.011
OpenAlex
W2091955694
Cited by
42
References
6
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
FWCI
3.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL66149, R01HL066149)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords
exercise withdrawal, inflammatory markers, negative mood, fatigue, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, autonomic nervous system, heart rate variability, physical inactivity, resilience
MeSH terms
Adult, Affective Symptoms, Analysis of Variance, Autonomic Nervous System, C-Reactive Protein, Electrocardiography, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fatigue, Female, Fibrinogen, Heart Rate, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Biomarkers, Exercise, Interleukin-6, Patient Selection, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1

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