Plasma cytokine profiles in depressed patients who fail to respond to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor therapy
Abstract
Objective Approximately 30% of patients with depression fail to respond to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Few studies have attempted to define these patients from a biological perspective. Studies suggest that overall patients with depression show increased production of proinflammatory cytokines. We examined pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in patients who were SSRI resistant.Methods Plasma concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha and sIL-6R were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in DSM-1V major depressives who were SSRI resistant, in formerly SSRI resistant patients currently euthymic and in healthy controls.Results Patients with SSRI-resistant depression had significantly higher production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (p=0.01) and TNF-alpha (p=0.004) compared to normal controls. Euthymic patients who were formerly SSRI resistant had proinflammatory cytokine levels which were similar to the healthy subject group. Anti-inflammatory cytokine levels did not differ across the 3 groups.Conclusion Suppression of proinflammatory cytokines does not occur in depressed patients who fail to respond to SSRIs and is necessary for clinical recovery.
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30% of patients with depression do not get relief from standard antidepressant therapy.
“Indeed, 30% of patients with depression do not get relief from standard antidepressant therapy and this may be due to this low-grade inflammatory state [122].”
From C-Reactive protein as a biomarker for major depressive disorder? (2022) · cites this paper as [122]
Patients with mood disorders nonresponsive to SSRIs show significantly higher levels of peripheral IL-6.
“Furthermore, patients with mood disorders nonresponsive to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) showed significantly higher levels of peripheral IL-6 [3, 4].”
From Interleukin-6 Induced by Social Stress Promotes a Unique Transcriptional Signature in the Monocytes That Facilitate Anxiety (2019) · cites this paper as [3]
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- Authors
- O’Brien, S. M., Scully, P., Fitzgerald, P., Scott, L. V., & Dinan, T. G.
- Affiliations
- Cork University Hospital (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Dinan, Timothy G.
- ORCID
- Dinan, Timothy G.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatric Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-04
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 326-331
- ISSN
- 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2007121025
- Cited by
- 355
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 3.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lenus, The Irish Health Repository (Dr Steevens Hospital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Health Research Board
- Science Foundation Ireland
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- treatment-resistant depression, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6, TNF-α, IL-10, interleukin-8, soluble IL-6 receptor, plasma cytokines, major depressive disorder
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Antidepressive Agents, Major Depressive Disorder, Drug Resistance, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Cytokines, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
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