Cited by 138Exercise and Physiological ResponsesCardiovascular and exercise physiologyPhysical Activity and Health

Is the anti-inflammatory effect of regular exercise responsible for reduced cardiovascular disease?

Wilund, Kenneth R.·2007·Clinical Science

Abstract

Engaging in regular physical activity reduces the risk of developing CVD (cardiovascular disease), but it is not certain to what degree this may be due to the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. Following acute exercise, there is a transient increase in circulating levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, whereas chronic exercise reduces basal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Exercise training also induces the expression of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mediators in the vascular wall that may directly inhibit the development of atherosclerosis. Limited studies in humans and more comprehensive assessments in animal models have confirmed that exercise is atheroprotective and helped identify a number of the mechanisms to explain these effects. This review explores the relationship between systemic and vascular wall inflammation and the role that the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise have on the development and progression of CVD.

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Crossref · 10.1042/cs20060368

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  • C-reactive protein is a stronger independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease than the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level.

    “CRP has emerged as a particularly stronger independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease than the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level [13, 33, 34].”
  • Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation is characterized by a 2- to 3-fold elevation in systemic concentrations of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, natural occurring cytokine antagonists, and C-reactive protein.

    “Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation has been characterized by a 2- to 3-fold elevation in the systemic concentrations of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, natural occurring cytokine antagonists, and the acute phase reactant C-reactive protein (CRP) [13, 22].”
  • The magnitude by which plasma IL-6 increases is related to exercise duration, intensity, and muscle mass involved in the mechanical work.

    “The magnitude by which plasma IL-6 increases is related to exercise duration, intensity, and muscle mass involved in the mechanical work [13, 18, 60, 62].”

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Authors
Wilund, K. R.
Affiliations
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
Corresponding author
Wilund, Kenneth R.
Venue
Clinical Science
Published
2007-05-01
Volume
112
Issue
11
Pages
543-555
ISSN
  • 0143-5221 (ISSN-L)
  • 1470-8736
OpenAlex
W2028798401
Cited by
138
References
166
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 12
FWCI
1.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Clinical Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords
physical activity, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, anti-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory cytokines, atherosclerosis, atheroprotection, vascular wall, exercise training, vascular inflammation
MeSH terms
Antioxidants, Arteritis, C-Reactive Protein, Calcinosis, Humans, Oxidation-Reduction, Exercise, Cytokines, Atherosclerosis

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