Anti-depressant medication use and C-reactive protein: Results from two population-based studies
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The use of anti-depressant medication has been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined the association between anti-depressant medication use and a marker of low grade systemic inflammation as a potential pathway linking anti-depressant use and CVD in two population based studies. Data were collected in a representative sample of 8131 community dwelling adults (aged 47.4±15.9 years, 46.7% male) from the Scottish Health Surveys (SHS). The use of anti-depressant medication was coded according to the British National Formulary and blood was drawn for the measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP). In a second study, we attempted to replicate our findings using longitudinal data from the Whitehall II study (n=4584, aged 55.5±5.9 years, mean follow-up 5.5 years). Antidepressants were used in 5.6% of the SHS sample, with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) being the most common. There was a higher risk of elevated CRP (>3 mg/L) in users of tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) medication (multivariate adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.52, 95% CI, 1.07-2.15), but not in SSRI users (multivariate adjusted OR=1.07, 95% CI, 0.81-1.42). A longitudinal association between any antidepressant use and subsequent CRP was confirmed in the Whitehall cohort. In summary, the use of anti-depressants was associated with elevated levels of systemic inflammation independently from the symptoms of mental illness and cardiovascular co-morbidity. This might be a potential mechanism through which antidepressant medication increases CVD risk. Further data are required to explore the effects of dosage and duration of antidepressant treatment.
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Recent results of two large studies suggest that use of antidepressants, mainly tricyclic antidepressants, is associated with elevated inflammation levels.
“In contrast, recent results of two large studies suggest that use of antidepressants, mainly tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), is associated with elevated inflammation levels.15”
From Association of depressive disorders, depression characteristics and antidepressant medication with inflammation (2012) · cites this paper as [15]
Two recent large studies found that use of antidepressants, mainly TCA, was associated with elevated inflammation levels.
“two recent large studies found that use of antidepressants, mainly TCA, was associated with elevated inflammation levels.15”
From Association of depressive disorders, depression characteristics and antidepressant medication with inflammation (2012) · cites this paper as [15]
Use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors, which have been related to autism when taken during pregnancy, were not associated with CRP levels.
“Furthermore, use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors, which have been related to autism when taken during pregnancy51 were not associated with CRP levels52.”
From Elevated maternal C-reactive protein and autism in a national birth cohort (2014) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- Hamer, M., Batty, G., Marmot, M. G., Singh-Manoux, A., & Kivimäki, M.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 168-173
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3014524
- OpenAlex
- W2047488564
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (WBS U.1300.00.006.00012.01)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- British Heart Foundation (RG/05/006, RG/10/005/28296, RG/07/008/23674)
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG034454, R01AG013196)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL036310)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- antidepressants, C-reactive protein, systemic inflammation, cardiovascular risk, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, mental illness, Whitehall II, Scottish Health Survey
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Depressive Disorder, Drug Utilization, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Population, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Scotland, Cohort Studies, Biomarkers, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
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