Educational attainment and late life telomere length in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study
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Morbidity and mortality are greater among socially disadvantaged racial/ethnic groups and those of lower socioeconomic status (SES). Greater chronic stress exposure in disadvantaged groups may contribute to this by accelerating cellular aging, indexed by shorter age-adjusted telomere length. While studies consistently relate shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL) to stress, the few studies, mostly from the UK, examining associations of LTL with SES have been mixed. The current study examined associations between educational attainment and LTL among 2599 high-functioning black and white adults age 70-79 from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Multiple regression analyses tested associations of race/ethnicity, educational attainment and income with LTL, adjusting for potential confounders. Those with only a high school education had significantly shorter mean LTL (4806 basepairs) than those with post-high school education (4926 basepairs; B=125, SE=47.6, p=.009). A significant interaction of race and education (B=207.8, SE=98.7, p=.035) revealed more beneficial effects of post-high school education for blacks than for whites. Smokers had shorter LTL than non-smokers, but the association of education and LTL remained significant when smoking was covaried (B=119.7, SE=47.6, p=.012). While higher income was associated with longer LTL, the effect was not significant (p>.10). This study provides the first demonstration of an association between educational attainment and LTL in a US population where higher education appears to have a protective effect against telomere shortening, particularly in blacks.
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Many subject-level variables, such as age, sex, genetic polymorphisms, resiliency, education, history of early life adversities, parental responsiveness, socioeconomic status, health behaviors, diet, and latent or active viral infections, may affect LTL independent of the disease process being studied.
“Further, many subject-level variables, such as age, sex, genetic polymorphisms, “resiliency,” education, history of early life adversities, parental responsiveness, socioeconomic status, health behaviors, diet, and latent or active viral infections (e.g., cytomegalovirus or herpes virus) may affect LTL, independent of the disease process being studied (Adler et al., 2013; Asok et al., 2013;”
From Psychiatric disorders and leukocyte telomere length: Underlying mechanisms linking mental illness with cellular aging (2015) · cites this paper as Adler et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Adler, N., Pantell, M. S., O’Donovan, A., Blackburn, E., Cawthon, R., Koster, A., Opresko, P., Newman, A., Harris, T. B., & Epel, E.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- San Francisco VA Medical Center (US)
- University of Utah (US)
- National Institute on Aging (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Adler, Nancy
- ORCID
- Venue
- Brain Behavior and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 15-21
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3543785
- OpenAlex
- W1976228806
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- University of California, San Francisco
- National Institute on Aging (N01‐AG‐6–2101, R01AG028050, N01AG62106, N01-AG-62103)
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH019391)
- National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR012459)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Keywords
- educational attainment, leukocyte telomere length, cellular aging, socioeconomic status, racial disparities, black-white disparities, older adults, smoking, income, chronic stress, Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Social Class, Health Status Disparities, Telomere Shortening
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