The power of exercise: buffering the effect of chronic stress on telomere length
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic psychological stress is associated with detrimental effects on physical health, and may operate in part through accelerated cell aging, as indexed by shorter telomeres at the ends of chromosomes. However, not all people under stress have distinctly short telomeres, and we examined whether exercise can serve a stress-buffering function. We predicted that chronic stress would be related to short telomere length (TL) in sedentary individuals, whereas in those who exercise, stress would not have measurable effects on telomere shortening. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: 63 healthy post-menopausal women underwent a fasting morning blood draw for whole blood TL analysis by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983), and for three successive days reported daily minutes of vigorous activity. Participants were categorized into two groups-sedentary and active (those getting Centers for Disease Control-recommended daily amount of activity). The likelihood of having short versus long telomeres was calculated as a function of stress and exercise group, covarying age, BMI and education. Logistic regression analyses revealed a significant moderating effect of exercise. As predicted, among non-exercisers a one unit increase in the Perceived Stress Scale was related to a 15-fold increase in the odds of having short telomeres (p<.05), whereas in exercisers, perceived stress appears to be unrelated to TL (B = -.59, SE = .78, p = .45). DISCUSSION: Vigorous physical activity appears to protect those experiencing high stress by buffering its relationship with TL. We propose pathways through which physical activity acts to buffer stress effects.
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Among 63 healthy postmenopausal women, those who self-reported participation in vigorous physical activity had longer telomeres in circulating leukocytes than those who were sedentary.
“Among 63 healthy postmenopausal women, those who self-reported participation in vigorous physical activity had longer telomeres in circulating leukocytes than those who were sedentary (62).”
From Exercise Counters the Age-Related Accumulation of Senescent Cells (2022) · cites this paper as [62]
Structured exercise interventions consisting of endurance training and increasing levels of habitual physical activity have been shown to promote DNA repair pathways as well as resistance to ROS and telomere erosion.
“Notably, structured exercise interventions consisting of endurance training and increasing levels of habitual physical activity have been shown to promote DNA repair pathways as well as resistance to ROS and telomere erosion (Brett et al., 2020; Gomez-Cabrera et al., 2008; Puterman et al., 2010; Radák et al., 2002).”
From Skeletal muscle aging, cellular senescence, and senotherapeutics: current knowledge and future directions (2021) · cites this paper as Puterman et al., 2010
Puterman et al. (2010) found in caregiving and non-caregiving post-menopausal women that highly stressed women have shorter telomeres, but only if they are inactive, suggesting a protective effect of exercise.
“The same group of investigators previously found, in a group of caregiving and non-caregiving post-menopausal women, that highly stressed women have shorter telomeres, but only if they are inactive, suggesting a protective effect of exercise (Puterman et al., 2010).”
From Psychiatric disorders and leukocyte telomere length: Underlying mechanisms linking mental illness with cellular aging (2015) · cites this paper as Puterman et al., 2010
Puterman et al. (2010) was cross-sectional, so causal interpretations are difficult, especially since the more highly stressed women were less likely to be physically active.
“Since that study was cross-sectional, though, it is difficult to draw causal interpretations, especially since the more highly stressed women were less likely to be physically active.”
From Psychiatric disorders and leukocyte telomere length: Underlying mechanisms linking mental illness with cellular aging (2015) · cites this paper as Puterman et al., 2010
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- Authors
- Puterman, E., Lin, J., Blackburn, E., O'Donovan, A., Adler, N., & Epel, E.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Puterman, Eli
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2010-05-26
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e10837
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2877102
- OpenAlex
- W2071661381
- Cited by
- 339
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 16.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (RR024131)
- Center for AIDS Research, University of Washington
- University of California, San Francisco (P30AI027763, UL1RR024131)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (P30AI027763)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024131, RR 024131)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- physical activity, chronic psychological stress, telomere length, stress buffering, sedentary behavior, cellular aging, postmenopausal women, perceived stress, vigorous activity
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Stress, Psychological, Exercise, Telomere, Sedentary Behavior
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