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Cited by 20Exercise and Physiological ResponsesSports Performance and TrainingT-cell and B-cell Immunology

Changes in naïve and memory T-cells in elite swimmers during a winter training season

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Teixeira, Ana Maria, Rama, Luís, Carvalho, Humberto M., Borges, Grasiely, Carvalheiro, Tiago, Gleeson, Michael, Alves, Francisco, Trindade, Hélder +1 more·2014·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
DOI 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.01.002
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Abstract

High intensity training regimens appear to put athletes at a higher risk of illness. As these have been linked to alterations in the proportions of differentiated T cells, how training load affects these populations could have important implications for athlete susceptibility to disease. This study examined the effect of a winter training season on the proportions of circulating naïve and memory T cells subsets of high competitive level swimmers. Blood samples were taken at rest at 4 time-points during the season: before the start of the season (t0-September), after 7weeks of an initial period of gradually increasing training load (t1-November), after 6weeks of an intense training cycle (t2-February) and 48h after the main competition (t3-April) and from eleven non-athlete controls at 2 similar time-points (t2 and t3). CD4, CD8 and gamma-delta (γδ) T cells expressing the naïve (CCR7(+)CD45RA(+)), central-memory (CM-CCR7(+)CD45RA(-)), effector-memory (EM-CCR7(-)CD45RA(-)) and terminal effector (TEMRA-CCR7(-)CD45RA(+)) were quantified by flow cytometry. Statistical analyses were performed using multilevel modeling regression. Both T CD4(+) naïve and CM presented a linear increase in response to the first moment of training exposure, and had an exponential decrease until the end of the training exposure. As for TCD4(+) EM, changes were observed from t2 until the end of the training season with an exponential trend, while TCD4(+) TEMRA increased linearly throughout the season. TCD8(+) naïve increased at t1 and decreased exponentially thereafter. TCD8(+) TEMRA values decreased at t1 and increased exponentially until t3. γδT-EM had an increase at t1 and an exponential decrease afterwards. In contrast, γδT-TEMRA decreased at t1 and exponentially increased during the remaining 20weeks of training. An increase in TEMRA and EM T cells alongside a decrease in naïve T cells could leave athletes more susceptible to illness in response to variation in training stimulus during the season.

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  • Over approximately 6 months, numbers and proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ late-stage differentiated T cells accumulate whereas CD4+ and CD8+ naive cells decrease in endurance athletes.

    “These studies show that over approximately 6 months, the numbers and proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ late-stage differentiated T cells accumulate whereas CD4+ and CD8+ naïve cells decrease (Cosgrove et al. 2012; Teixeira et al. 2014).”

    From Is immunosenescence influenced by our lifetime “dose” of exercise? (2016) · cites this paper as Teixeira et al. 2014

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Authors
Teixeira, A. M., Rama, L., Carvalho, H. M., Borges, G., Carvalheiro, T., Gleeson, M., Alves, F., Trindade, H., & Paiva, A.
Affiliations
  • University of Coimbra (PT)
  • Instituto Portugues do Sangue e da Transplantacao, IP (PT)
  • Loughborough University (GB)
  • University of Lisbon (PT)
Corresponding author
Teixeira, Ana Maria
ORCID
Venue
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-07
Volume
39
Pages
186-193
ISSN
0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.bbi.2014.01.002
OpenAlex
W1978190878
Cited by
20
References
23
Citations by year
2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
FWCI
2.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Loughborough University Research Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Keywords
T cell subsets, naive T cells, memory T cells, elite swimmers, training load, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, TEMRA cells, central memory T cells, effector memory T cells, CCR7, CD45RA
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Immunologic Memory, Male, Swimming, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Young Adult, Athletes

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