The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Rat 22kHz ultrasonic vocalizations as alarm cries
Abstract
Rats incorporate circa 22kHz ultrasonic alarm cries into their defense pattern in response to a predator threat. These calls are dependent on conspecific presence, show gender differences, and tend to be emitted from a place of relative safety. Rats emit sonic defensive threat vocalizations when approached by a potential threat. These are emitted regardless of conspecific presence, and increase as a function of threat proximity, eventually culminating in defensive attack at close distances. Ample data from field studies suggest a similar division of vocalizations into alarm or warning cries, and defensive threat vocalizations, although both are often subsumed under the rubric of "alarm cries". A clear distinction between these types of calls is necessary for proper analysis of the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for the development and maintenance of each of them. Furthermore, the integration of data from field studies and laboratory experiments may prove useful in evaluation of the relationship between each type of cry and emotional (fear or anxiety-like) states in mammals.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Alarm calls are mostly used when a predator-prey distance is large or a rat is close to a cover or shelter.164”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [164]
Citations
Cites
The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I
Hamilton, W. D. (1964) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-5193(64)90038-4 · Cited by 15,725
The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism
Trivers, R. L. (1971) · The Quarterly Review of Biology · doi:10.1086/406755 · Cited by 11,010
The genetical evolution of social behaviour. II
Hamilton, W. D. O. (1964) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-5193(64)90039-6 · Cited by 4,158
Principles of animal communication
(2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.49-5059 · Cited by 2,544
Principles of animal communication
(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.36-0961 · Cited by 959
Nepotism and the Evolution of Alarm Calls
Sherman, P. W. (1977) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.197.4310.1246 · Cited by 909
Behavioral aspects of animal domestication
Price, E. O. (1984) · The Quarterly Review of Biology · doi:10.1086/413673 · Cited by 742
Allometry of Alarm Calls: Black-Capped Chickadees Encode Information About Predator Size
Templeton, C. N., Greene, E., & Davis, K. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1108841 · Cited by 676
Antipredator defensive behaviors in a visible burrow system
Blanchard, R. J., & Blanchard, D. C. (1989) · Journal of comparative psychology · doi:10.1037/0735-7036.103.1.70 · Cited by 663
Self-citationUltrasonic vocalizations as indices of affective states in rats
Knutson, B., Burgdorf, J., & Panksepp, J. (2002) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.6.961 · Cited by 618
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rethinking the Emotional Brain
LeDoux, J. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.02.004 · Cited by 1,594
“…et al., 2009; Pagani and Rosen, 2009; Blanchard et al., 1990), as well as high-frequency predator warning sounds emitted by conspecifics (e.g., Litvin et al., 2007; Choi and Brown, 2003), high-intensity auditory stimuli (e.g., Bordi and LeDoux, 1992), and bright open spaces (Thompson and…”
A framework for studying emotions across species
Anderson, D. J., & Adolphs, R. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.003 · Cited by 691
Risk assessment as an evolved threat detection and analysis process
Blanchard, D. C., Griebel, G., Pobbe, R. L. H., & Blanchard, R. J. (2010) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.10.016 · Cited by 419
Self-citationEthotransmission: communication of emotional states through ultrasonic vocalization in rats.
Brudzynski, S. M. (2013) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2013.01.014 · Cited by 416
Wright, J. M., Gourdon, J. C., & Clarke, P. B. S. (2010) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-010-1859-y · Cited by 362
Metadata
- Authors
- Litvin, Y., Blanchard, D. C., & Blanchard, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Litvin, Yoav
- Venue
- Behavioural Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-09
- Volume
- 182
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 166-172
- ISSN
- 0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1969247680
- Cited by
- 242
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 1.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Keywords
- predator threat, alarm calls, conspecific presence, sex differences, fear
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Emotions, Social Behavior, Ultrasonics, Vocalization, Animal, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
