Antipredator defensive behaviors in a visible burrow system
Abstract
Analyzed defensive behaviors in a seminatural setting through videorecordings of groups of 4 male and 4 female rats. Before cat exposure dominant males showed more offensive behavior, eating, drinking, and use of the open area than subordinates. Presentation of a cat in the open area produced changes in four subpatterns of defense over a 24-hr period: withdrawal; immobility and movement constraint; risk assessment; and suppression of nondefensive behaviors. All Ss showed pronounced and consistent changes in each of these patterns, but dominant males alone showed increased risk assessment-related corner runs. These results provide an extensive description of rat defensive behaviors in a seminatural and relatively unstructured situation and suggest that the anxiety process is initially associated with withdrawal and movement arrest, giving way to a crucial and long-lasting risk-assessment stage that provides information leading to either further defensiveness or a return to nondefensive behaviors. This analysis suggests new models for the study of anxiety.
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Male rats confronted with threatening stimuli such as a predator or predator odor exhibit similar orienting responses, described as risk assessment or vigilance behavior.
“Male rats confronted with threatening stimuli such as a predator or predator odor exhibit similar orienting responses (74), which have been described as risk assessment or vigilance behavior (24).”
From Oxytocin receptors in the anteromedial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis promote stress-induced social avoidance in female California mice (2018) · cites this paper as [74]
Play fighting in rats is most common during the early juvenile period and then gradually decreases, while serious fighting is generally rare even in naturalistic settings.
“Firstly, play fighting is most common during the early juvenile period (and then it gradually decreases 102,117 ), while serious fighting is generally rare even in naturalistic settings. 118”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [118]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Blanchard, R. J., & Blanchard, D. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Venue
- Journal of comparative psychology
- Published
- 1989-03
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 70-82
- ISSN
- 0093-4127 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2087
- 0735-7036
- OpenAlex
- W2057317784
- Cited by
- 663
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 20.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of comparative psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA-06220)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR01825, RR03061)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Keywords
- antipredator behavior, defensive behavior, rats, burrow systems, social dominance, risk assessment, anxiety, withdrawal, immobility
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Appetitive Behavior, Arousal, Behavior, Animal, Cats, Consummatory Behavior, Escape Reaction, Female, Motor Activity, Predatory Behavior, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Social Environment, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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