Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the acquisition and expression of conditioned defeat in Syrian hamsters

Markham, Chris M.; Norvelle, Alisa; Huhman, Kim L.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.10.022

Cited by 44Memory and Neural MechanismsStress Responses and CortisolNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the acquisition and expression of conditioned defeat in Syrian hamsters

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Markham, Chris M., Norvelle, Alisa, Huhman, Kim L.·2009·Behavioural Brain Research

DOI 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.10.022PMC PMC2660670

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Abstract

When Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) are defeated by a larger, more aggressive opponent, they subsequently produce more defensive and submissive behaviors and less chemosensory investigation and aggression, even when they are paired with a smaller, non-aggressive intruder. This persistent change in the behavior of defeated animals has been termed conditioned defeat. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is important for the acquisition and expression of conditioned defeat. We found that the GABA(A) receptor agonist muscimol infused into the BNST immediately prior to initial defeat training failed to disrupt the acquisition of conditioned defeat, while muscimol infused prior to testing caused a significant reduction in submissive/defensive behaviors and an increase in investigatory behaviors of the non-aggressive intruder. These results indicate that (1) the BNST, unlike the amygdala, does not appear to be critically involved in the consolidation process related to the memory of social defeat and (2) the BNST may be an important site for the execution of fear behaviors associated with social defeat. Considering the high degree of connectivity between the BNST and the amygdala, these findings provide further insight into the neural circuitry governing conditioned defeat and support the view of a functional dissociation between the amygdala and the BNST in the modulation of conditioned fear in an ethologically relevant model.

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Muscimol infused into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis decreased social defeat in hamsters, a long-lasting form of sustained anxiety dependent on both the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.
“muscimol infused into the BNST decreased social defeat in hamsters, a long-lasting form of sustained anxiety dependent on both the amygdala and the BNST (Markham et al, 2009)”
From Phasic vs Sustained Fear in Rats and Humans: Role of the Extended Amygdala in Fear vs Anxiety (2010) · cites this paper as Markham et al, 2009
The Results for Experiment 2 and the Discussion report that BNST muscimol reduced the expression of conditioned defeat—submissive and defensive behavior during later testing—not the initial social defeat. The Discussion describes sustained anxiety as a possibility, rather than establishing conditioned defeat as a long-lasting form of it. It also reports different roles for the BNST and amygdala, so the claim's unqualified statement that this form of anxiety depends on both goes beyond the findings. Page numbers were not provided in the passages. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Authors: Markham, C. M., Norvelle, A., & Huhman, K. L.
Affiliations: Georgia State University (US)
Corresponding author: Markham, Chris M.
ORCID: Markham, Chris M.
Huhman, Kim L.
Venue: Behavioural Brain Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-03
Volume: 198
Issue: 1
Pages: 69-73
ISSN: 0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.10.022
PMC: PMC2660670
OpenAlex: W2064392791
Cited by: 44
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 1.38
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH062044, MH 62044)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords: bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, social defeat, muscimol, GABAA receptor, amygdala, fear behavior, submissiveness, defensive behavior, memory consolidation, golden hamster
MeSH terms: Aggression, Animals, Conditioning, Classical, Fear, Cricetinae, Male, Mesocricetus, Microinjections, Muscimol, Reaction Time, Septal Nuclei, Social Behavior, Stereotaxic Techniques, Time Factors, GABA Agonists

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

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Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the acquisition and expression of conditioned defeat in Syrian hamsters

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