Animal models of social stress: Effects on behavior and brain neurochemical systems

Blanchard, Robert J; McKittrick, Christina R; Blanchard, D.Caroline

doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00449-8

Cited by 595Stress Responses and CortisolNeuroendocrine regulation and behaviorNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

Animal models of social stress: Effects on behavior and brain neurochemical systems

Blanchard, Robert J, McKittrick, Christina R, Blanchard, D.Caroline·2001·Physiology & Behavior

DOI 10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00449-8

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Social interactions serve as an evolutionarily important source of stress, and one that is virtually ubiquitous among mammalian species. Animal models of social stress are varied, ranging from a focus on acute, intermittent, or chronic exposure involving agonistic behavior, to social isolation. The relative stressfulness of these experiences may depend on the species, sex, and age of the subjects, and subject sex also appears to influence the value of hypothalamic--pituitary--adrenal (HPA) axis activity as a general criterion for stress response: higher glucocorticoid levels are typically found in dominant females in some species. Social stress models often produce victorious and defeated, or dominant and subordinate, animals that may be compared to each other or to controls, but the appropriateness of specific types of comparisons and the interpretations of their differences may vary for the different models. Social stress strongly impacts behavior, generally reducing aggression and enhancing defensiveness, both inside and outside the stress situation. Social and sexual behaviors may be reduced in subordinate animals, as is activity and responsivity to normally rewarding events. However, some components of these changes may be dependent on the presence of a dominant, rather than representing a longer-term and general alteration in behavior. Social stress effects on brain neurotransmitter systems have been most extensively investigated, and most often found in serotonin and noradrenergic systems, with changes also reported for other monoamine and for peptidergic systems. Morphological changes and alterations of neogenesis and of cell survival particularly involving the hippocampus and dentate gyrus have been reported with severe social stress, as have longer-term changes in HPA axis functioning. These findings indicate that social stress models can provide high magnitude and appropriate stressors for research, but additionally suggest a need for caution in interpretation of the findings of these models and care in analysis of their underlying mechanisms.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00449-8

Cites

126 of 126 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Isolation is a strong stressor per se and represents an important confounding factor.
“Isolation is a strong stressor per se [53] and, although it may enhance the emergence of effects on play [7], it represents an important confounding factor.”
From Developmental exposure to low levels of ethinylestradiol affects social play in juvenile male rats (2020) · cites this paper as [53]

THE EFFECTS OF STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS ON DEPRESSION
Kessler, R. C. (1997) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.191 · Cited by 2,111 · see citing works
Neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus of the Adult Tree Shrew Is Regulated by Psychosocial Stress and NMDA Receptor Activation
Gould, E., McEwen, B. S., Tanapat, P., Galea, L. A. M., & Fuchs, E. (1997) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-07-02492.1997 · Cited by 1,496 · see citing works
A Comparison of the Social Postures of Some Common Laboratory Rodents
Grant, E. C., & Mackintosh, J. H. (1963) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/156853963x00185 · Cited by 1,167 · see citing works
Chronic Psychosocial Stress Causes Apical Dendritic Atrophy of Hippocampal CA3 Pyramidal Neurons in Subordinate Tree Shrews
Magariños, A. M., McEwen, B. S., Flügge, G., & Fuchs, E. (1996) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-10-03534.1996 · Cited by 864 · see citing works
Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged and fatal stress in primates
Uno, H., Tarara, R., Else, J., Suleman, M., & Sapolsky, R. (1989) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.09-05-01705.1989 · Cited by 728 · see citing works
Antipredator defensive behaviors in a visible burrow system
Blanchard, R. J., & Blanchard, D. C. (1989) · Journal of comparative psychology · doi:10.1037/0735-7036.103.1.70 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Self-citation
Aggressive behavior in the rat
Blanchard, R. J., & Blanchard, D. C. (1977) · Behavioral Biology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6773(77)90308-x · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Self-citation
Reproductive suppression among female mammals: implications for biomedicine and sexual selection theory
Wasser, S. K., & Barash, D. P. (1983) · The Quarterly Review of Biology · doi:10.1086/413545 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Encyclopedia of stress
Fink, G. (2000) · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Social defeat stress selectively alters mesocorticolimbic dopamine release: an in vivo microdialysis study
Tidey, J. W., & Miczek, K. A. (1996) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(96)00159-x · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Visible burrow system as a model of chronic social stress: behavioral and neuroendocrine correlates
Blanchard, D. C., Spencer, R. L., Weiss, S. M., Blanchard, R. J., McEwen, B., & Sakai, R. R. (1995) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(94)e0045-b · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Self-citation
An Analysis of the Social Behaviour of the Male Laboratory Rat
Grant, E. C. (1963) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/156853963x00194 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Social model of depression in mice of C57BL/6J strain
Kudryavtseva, N. N., Bakshtanovskaya, I. V., & Koryakina, L. A. (1991) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(91)90284-9 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Nonhuman primate model of alcohol abuse: effects of early experience, personality, and stress on alcohol consumption.
Higley, J. D., Hasert, M. F., Suomi, S. J., & Linnoila, M. (1991) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.88.16.7261 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Behavior and physiology of social stress and depression in female cynomolgus monkeys
Shively, C. A., Laber, K., & Anton, R. F. (1997) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00185-0 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Corticotropin-releasing factor antagonist reduces emotionality in socially defeated rats via direct neurotropic action
Heinrichs, S. C., Pich, E. M., Miczek, K. A., Britton, K. T., & Koob, G. F. (1992) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)90708-h · Cited by 329 · see citing works
The role of stress in alcohol use, alcoholism treatment, and relapse.
Brady, K. T., & Sonne, S. C. (1999) · PubMed Central · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Serotonin receptor binding in a colony model of chronic social stress
McKittrick, C. R., Blanchard, D. C., Blanchard, R. J., McEwen, B. S., & Sakai, R. R. (1995) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(94)00152-s · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of housing on male and female rats: Crowding stresses males but calms females
BROWN, K. (1995) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)02043-8 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Housing familiar male wildtype rats together reduces the long-term adverse behavioural and physiological effects of social defeat
Ruis, M. A. W., Brake, J. H. A. T., Buwalda, B., de Boer, S. F., Meerlo, P., Korte, S. M., Blokhuis, H. J., & Koolhaas, J. M. (1999) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(98)00050-x · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Social stress and the reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus type 1
Padgett, D. A., Sheridan, J. F., Dorne, J., Berntson, G. G., Candelora, J., & Glaser, R. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.7231 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Chronic social stress alters levels of corticotropin-releasing factor and arginine vasopressin mRNA in rat brain
Albeck, D. S., McKittrick, C. R., Blanchard, D. C., Blanchard, R. J., Nikulina, J., McEwen, B. S., & Sakai, R. R. (1997) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-12-04895.1997 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Self-citation
Defeat is a major stressor in males while social instability is stressful mainly in females: towards the development of a social stress model in female rats
Haller, J., Fuchs, E., Halász, J., & Makara, G. B. (1999) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(99)00087-8 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Social stress increases the acquisition of cocaine self-administration in male and female rats
Haney, M., Maccari, S., Moal, M. L., Simon, H., & Piazza, P. V. (1995) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00788-r · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Acquisition of cocaine self-administration after social stress: role of accumbens dopamine
Tidey, J. W., & Miczek, K. A. (1997) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130050230 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Release of Vasopressin within the Rat Paraventricular Nucleus in Response to Emotional Stress: A Novel Mechanism of Regulating Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Secretion?
Wotjak, C. T., Kubota, M., Liebsch, G., Montkowski, A., Holsboer, F., Neumann, I. D., & Landgraf, R. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-23-07725.1996 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Changes in Behaviour and Body Weight Following a Single or Double Social Defeat in Rats
Meerlo, P., Overkamp, G. J. F., Daan, S., van den Hoofdakker, R. H., & Koolhaas, J. M. (1996) · Stress · doi:10.3109/10253899609001093 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Social suppression of ovarian cyclicity in captive and wild colonies of naked mole-rats, Heterocephalus glaber
Faulkes, C. G., Abbott, D. H., & Jarvis, J. U. M. (1990) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0880559 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Social subordination stress, behavior, and central monoaminergic function in female cynomolgus monkeys
Shively, C. A. (1998) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00437-x · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Environmental and Social Determinants of Sexual Function in the Male Lesser Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus)
Perret, M. (1992) · Folia Primatologica · doi:10.1159/000156637 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Activational effects of social stress on IV cocaine self-administration in rats
Miczek, K. A., Mutschler, N. H., & Mizcek, K. A. (1996) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130050133 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Effect of environmental stressors on time course, variability and form of self-grooming in the rat: Handling, social contact, defeat, novelty, restraint and fur moistening
van Erp, A. M. M., Kruk, M. R., Meelis, W., & Willekens-Bramer, D. C. (1994) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(94)90072-8 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Characterization of a novel and potent corticotropin-releasing factor antagonist in rats.
Menzaghi, F., Howard, R. L., Heinrichs, S. C., Vale, W., Rivier, J., & Koob, G. F. (1994) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)38740-9 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Psychosocial stress in tree shrews: Clomipramine counteracts behavioral and endocrine changes
Fuchs, E., Kramer, M., Hermes, B., Netter, P., & Hiemke, C. (1996) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(95)02166-3 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Behavioral and Neurobiological Consequences of Social Subjugation during Puberty in Golden Hamsters
Delville, Y., Melloni, R. H., & Ferris, C. F. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-07-02667.1998 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Behavioral and autonomic responses to intermittent social stress: differential protection by clonidine and metoprolol
Tornatzky, W., & Miczek, K. A. (1994) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02245339 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Low-status monkeys “play dumb” when learning in mixed social groups
Drea, C. M., & Wallen, K. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.22.12965 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Effects of Psychological Stress on Male Reproduction: A Review
McGrady, A. V. (1984) · Archives of Andrology · doi:10.3109/01485018408987495 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Behavioral correlates of chronic dominance-subordination relationships of male rats in a seminatural situation
Blanchard, D. C., & Blanchard, R. J. (1990) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80068-5 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citation
Chronic psychosocial stress enhances vasopressin, but not corticotropin-releasing factor, in the external zone of the median eminence of male rats: relationship to subordinate status.
Goeij, D. C. D., Dijkstra, H., & Tilders, F. J. H. (1992) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.131.2.1322285 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Reproductive suppression in subordinate, non-breeding female Damaraland mole-rats: two components to a lifetime of socially induced infertility
Bennett, N. C., Faulkes, C. G., & Molteno, A. J. (1996) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1996.0234 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Social behavior, dominance, and social deprivation of rats determine drug choice
Wolffgramm, J., & Heyne, A. (1991) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(91)90297-f · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Dynamics of central nervous 5-HT1A-receptors under psychosocial stress
Flügge, G. (1995) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-11-07132.1995 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Long-term changes in open field behaviour following a single social defeat in rats can be reversed by sleep deprivation
Meerlo, P., Overkamp, G. J. F., Benning, M. A., Koolhaas, J. M., & Van Den Hoofdakker, R. H. (1996) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)02271-6 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Differential effects of social stress on central serotonergic activity and emotional reactivity in Lewis and spontaneously hypertensive rats
Berton, O., Aguerre, S., Sarrieau, A., Mormède, P., & Chaouloff, F. (1997) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00282-0 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Behavioural consequences of repeated social defeat in the mouse: preliminary evaluation of a potential animal model of depression
Keeney, A. J., & Hogg, S. L. (1999) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/00008877-199912000-00007 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Anti-Stress Action of a Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Antagonist on Behavioral Reactivity to Stressors of Varying Type and Intensity
Heinrichs, S. C., Menzaghi, F., Pich, E. M., Baldwin, H. A., Rassnick, S., Britton, K. T., & Koob, G. F. (1994) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1380104 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Behavioral, neuroendocrine and serotonergic consequences of single social defeat and repeated fluoxetine pretreatment in the Lewis rat strain
Berton, O., Durand, M., Aguerre, S., Mormède, P., & Chaouloff, F. (1999) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00742-8 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Social stress in laboratory rats: hormonal responses and immune cell distribution
Stefanski, V. (2000) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(99)00066-9 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Serotonin, but not dopamine, metabolites are increased in selected brain regions of subordinate male rats in a colony environment
Blanchard, D. C., Cholvanich, P., Blanchard, R. J., Clow, D. W., Hammer, R. P., Rowlett, J. K., & Bardo, M. T. (1991) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)91379-f · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citation
Differential effects of chronic stress on memory processes in the tree shrew
Ohl, F., & Fuchs, E. (1999) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(98)00042-1 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Chronic psychosocial stress induces morphological alterations in hippocampal pyramidal neurons of the tree shrew
Fuchs, E., Uno, H., & Flügge, G. (1995) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)01424-g · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Interindividual Variability in Swiss Male Mice: Relationship between Social Factors, Aggression, and Anxiety
Ferrari, P. F., Palanza, P., Parmigiani, S., & Rodgers, R. J. (1998) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(97)00544-1 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Relationship between dominance hierarchy, cerebrospinal fluid levels of amine transmitter metabolites (5-hydroxyindole acetic acid and homovanillic acid) and plasma cortisol in monkeys
Yodyingyuad, U., de la Riva, C., Abbott, D. H., Herbert, J., & Keverne, E. B. (1985) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(85)90099-5 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Modulation of binding sites for corticotropin-releasing hormone by chronic psychosocial stress
Fuchs, E., & Flügge, G. (1995) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(94)e0006-u · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Vasopressin immunoreactivity in the anterior hypothalamus is altered during the establishment of dominant/subordinate relationships between hamsters
Ferris, C. F., Axelson, J. F., Martin, A., & Roberge, L. (1989) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(89)90140-1 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Evidence Based Cardiology
Moran, J. F. (1998) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-129-12-199812150-00047 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Rank order in caged rats
Grant, E. C., & Chance, M. R. A. (1958) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/0003-3472(58)90049-6 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
A single social stress-experience alters glutamate receptor-binding in rat hippocampal CA3 area
Krugers, H. J., Koolhaas, J. M., Bohus, B., & Korf, J. (1993) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(93)90174-j · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Comparative analysis of anxiety-like behavior in partition and plus-maze tests after agonistic interactions in mice
Avgustinovich, D. F., Gorbach, O. V., & Kudryavtseva, N. N. (1997) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(96)00303-4 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Social structure and ethanol consumption in the laboratory rat
Blanchard, R. J., Hori, K., Tom, P., & Blanchard, D. C. (1987) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(87)90502-8 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citation
Behavioural and physiological consequences of a single social defeat in Roman high- and low-avoidance rats
Meerlo, P., Overkamp, G. J. F., & Koolhaas, J. M. (1997) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(96)00047-9 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Extension of reproductive suppression by pheromonal cues in subordinate female marmoset monkeys, Callithrix jacchus
Barrett, J. J., Abbott, D. H., & George, L. M. (1990) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0900411 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
5HT1A-receptors and behaviour under chronic stress: selective counteraction by testosterone
Flügge, G., Kramer, M., Rensing, S., & Fuchs, E. (1998) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.t01-1-00280.x · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Chronic psychosocial stress does not affect the number of pyramidal neurons in tree shrew hippocampus
Vollmann-Honsdorf, G. K., Flügge, G., & Fuchs, E. (1997) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00647-2 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
An evolutionary approach to behavioral pharmacology: using drugs to understand proximate and ultimate mechanisms of different forms of aggression in mice
Parmigiani, S., Ferrari, P. F., & Palanza, P. (1998) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(98)00016-5 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Chronic psychosocial stress enhances vasopressin, but not corticotropin- releasing factor, in the external zone of the median eminence of male rats: relationship to subordinate status
Goeij, D. C. D. (1992) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.131.2.847 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Effects of chronic social stress on tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA and protein levels.
Watanabe, Y., McKittrick, C., Blanchard, D., Blanchard, R. J., Mcewen, B. S., & Sakai, R. R. (1995) · Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0169-328x(95)00081-3 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citation
Central serotonin depletion modulates the behavioural, endocrine and physiological responses to repeated social stress and subsequent c-fos expression in the brains of male rats
Chung, K. K. K., Martı́nez, M., & Herbert, J. (1999) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00028-7 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Defeat, learned submissiveness, and analgesia in mice: effect of genotype
Siegfried, B., Frischknecht, H.-R., & Waser, P. G. (1984) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/s0163-1047(84)90484-9 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Different Sympathovagal Modulation of Heart Rate During Social and Nonsocial Stress Episodes in Wild-Type Rats
Sgoifo, A., Koolhaas, J. M., Musso, E., & de Boer, S. F. (1999) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(99)00134-1 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Alterations in the central nervous α2-adrenoceptor system under chronic psychosocial stress
Flügge, G. (1996) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(96)00292-8 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Different patterns of biting attack employed by lactating female mice (Mus domesticus) in encounters with male and female conspecific intruders.
Parmigiani, S., Brain, P. F., Mainardi, D., & Brunoni, V. (1988) · Journal of comparative psychology · doi:10.1037/0735-7036.102.3.287 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Chronic social stress increases levels of preprogalanin mRNA in the rat locus coeruleus
Holmes, P. V., Blanchard, D. C., Blanchard, R. J., Brady, L. S., & Crawley, J. N. (1995) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(94)00334-3 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citation
Chronic psychosocial stress and antidepressant treatment in tree shrews: time-dependent behavioral and endocrine effects
Kramer, M., Hiemke, C., & Fuchs, E. (1999) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(99)00027-5 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Differential effect of lesioning of the central amygdala on the bradycardiac and behavioral response of the rat in relation to conditioned social and solitary stress
Roozendaal, B., Koolhaas, J. M., & Bohus, B. (1990) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(90)90052-g · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Effects of two stressors on behaviour in the elevated X-maze: preliminary investigation of their interaction with 8-OH-DPAT
McBlane, J. W., & Handley, S. L. (1994) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02245060 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Social Stress, Depression, and Brain Dopamine in Female Cynomolgus Monkeys
Shively, C. A., Grant, K. A., Ehrenkaufer, R. L., Mach, R. H., & Nader, M. A. (1997) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51972.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Long-term effects of chronic social stress on serotonergic indices in the prefrontal cortex of adult male cynomolgus macaques
Fontenot, M. B., Kaplan, J. R., Manuck, S. B., Arango, V., & Mann, J. J. (1995) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)01146-3 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Sertraline Reduces Excessive Alcohol Consumption in Nonhuman Primates: Effect of Stress
Higley, J. D. (1998) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(97)00180-2 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The reinforcing value of several types of aggressive behavior: A review
Potegal, M. (1979) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/1098-2337(1979)5:4 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citation
Testosterone and attribution of successful competition
González‐Bono, E., Salvador, A., Ricarte, J. J., Serrano, M. Á., & Arnedo, M. T. (2000) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2337(2000)26:3 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Defense changes in stress nonresponsive subordinate males in a visible burrow system
Blanchard, R. J., Yudko, E. B., Dulloog, L., & Blanchard, D. C. (2001) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00449-2 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citation
Psychosocial stress affects pineal function in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri)
Fuchs, E., & Schumacher, M. (1990) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(90)90083-g · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Behavioral and social correlates of escape from suppression of ovulation in female common marmosets housed with the natal family
Wendy Saltzman, A., Severin, J. M., SCHULTZ‐DARKEN, N. J., & Abbott, D. H. (1997) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1997)41:1 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Mild social stress abolishes the effects of isolation on anxiety and chlordiazepoxide reactivity
Haller, J., & Halász, J. (1999) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130051012 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Menstrual cycle and social behavior in vervet monkeys
Rapkin, A. J., Pollack, D. B., Raleigh, M. J., Stone, B. A., & McGuire, M. T. (1995) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(94)00060-n · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Behavioral, hormonal and neurochemical characteristics of aggressive α-mice
Hilakivi, L. A., Lister, R. G., Duncan, M. J., Ota, M., Eskay, R. L., Mefford, I. N., & Linnoila, M. (1989) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)90471-x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
[3H]Rauwolscine binding sites in the brains of male tree shrews are related to social status
Flügge, G., Jöhren, O., & Fuchs, E. (1992) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)91514-f · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Diazepam Has No Beneficial Effects on Stress-Induced Behavioural and Endocrine Changes in Male Tree Shrews
van Kampen, M., Schmitt, U., Hiemke, C., & Fuchs, E. (2000) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(99)00190-2 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Effects of male social status on reproductive success and on behavior in mice (Mus musculus).
D'Amato, F. R. (1988) · Journal of comparative psychology · doi:10.1037/0735-7036.102.2.146 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
d -Amphetamine ”cue" generalizes to social defeat stress: behavioral sensitization and attenuated accumbens dopamine
Miczek, K. A., Mutschler, N. H., van Erp, A. M. M., Blank, A., & McInerney, S. C. (1999) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130051160 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Social success and voluntary ethanol consumption in mice of C57BL/6J and CBA/Lac strains
Kudryavtseva, N. N., Madorskaya, I. A., & Bakshtanovskaya, I. V. (1991) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(91)90511-l · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Memory performance in tree shrews: effects of stressful experiences.
Ohl, F., & Fuchs, E. (1998) · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(98)00033-5 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Nest defense and survival of offspring in highly aggressive wild Canadian female house mice
VOMSAAL, F., Franks, P. J., Boechler, M., Palanza, P., & Parmigiani, S. (1995) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)00121-x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Copulation increases offensive attack in male rats
Flannelly, K. J., Blanchard, R. J., MURAOKA, M., & Flannelly, L. T. (1982) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(82)90030-0 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citation
Interactions between social stress and morphine in the periaqueductal gray: effects on affective vocal and reflexive pain responses in rats
Vivian, J. A., & Miczek, K. A. (1999) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130051101 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Socially defeated male rats display a blunted adrenocortical response to a low dose of 8-OH-DPAT
Korte, S. M., Buwalda, B., Meijer, O. C., de Kloet, E. R., & Bohus, B. (1995) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(94)00621-d · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Behavioral and endocrinological correlates of social status in the male sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps Marsupialia: Petauridae)
Mallick, J., Stoddart, D. M., Jones, I., & Bradley, A. J. (1994) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)90398-0 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Effects of μ and δ opioid agonists and antagonists on affective vocal and reflexive pain responses during social stress in rats
Vivian, J. A., & Miczek, K. A. (1998) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130050727 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Naloxone injections into the periaqueductal grey area and arcuate nucleus block analgesia in defeated mice
Miczek, K., Thompson, M. L., & Shuster, L. (2004) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00431775 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
β-Adrenoceptors in the Tree Shrew Brain. II. Time-Dependent Effects of Chronic Psychosocial Stress on [125I]Iodocyanopindolol Binding Sites
Flügge, G., Ahrens, O., & Fuchs, E. (1997) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1023/a:1026387311220 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Persistent elevation in GABAA receptor subunit mRNAs following social stress
Kang, I., Thompson, M. L., Heller, J., & Miller, L. G. (1991) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(91)90179-n · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Assessment of Patients by DSM-III-R and DSM-IV in a Japanese Psychosomatic Clinic
睦広, 中., Nomura, S., Yamanaka, G., Kumano, H., & Kuboki, T. (1998) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000012258 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Influence du groupement social sur l'activation sexuelle saisonniére chez le ♂ de Microcebus murinus (Miller 1777)
Perret, M. (1977) · Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1977.tb00066.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Kinship, familiarity, aggression, and dominance in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in seminatural enclosures.
Dewsbury, D. A. (1988) · Journal of comparative psychology · doi:10.1037/0735-7036.102.2.124 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Neuroendocrine responses to fenfluramine challenge are influenced by exposure to chronic social stress in adult male cynomolgus macaques
Botchin, M. B., Kaplan, J. R., Manuck, S. B., & Mann, J. J. (1994) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(94)90054-x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Effects of repeated as compared to single aggressive confrontation on nociception and defense behavior in C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice
Külling, P., Frischknecht, H. R., Pasi, A., Waser, P. G., & Siegfried, B. (1987) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(87)90159-4 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Suppression of estrus in female mice by the presence of conspecifics or by foot shock
Marchlewska-Koj, A., Pochroń, E., Galewicz-Sojecka, A., & Galas, J. F. (1994) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)90140-6 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Voluntary ethanol intake of individually- or pair-housed rats: effect of ACTH or dexamethasone treatment.
Weisinger, R., Denton, D. A., & Osborne, P. (1989) · Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(89)90510-8 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Social influences on reproductive development and fertility in female Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus campbelli)
Gudermuth, D. F., Butler, W. R., & Johnston, R. E. (1992) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0018-506x(92)90002-d · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Defeat engenders pentylenetetrazole-appropriate responding in rats: antagonism by midazolam
Vivian, J. A., Weerts, E. M., & Miczek, K. A. (1994) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02247483 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Dominance fades with distance: An experiment on food competition in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis).
Schaub, H. (1995) · Journal of comparative psychology · doi:10.1037/0735-7036.109.2.196 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Effects of prior agonistic experience on risk assessment and approach behavior evoked by familiar or unfamiliar conspecific odors
Garbe, C. M., & Kemble, E. D. (1994) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/1098-2337(1994)20:2 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Contrasting effects of social stress and foot-shock on acute cardiovascular response in salt-sensitive rats
Adams, N., Lins, M. D., & Blizard, D. A. (1987) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/s0163-1047(87)90931-9 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
IRI-514, a Synthetic Peptide Analogue of Thymopentin, Reduces the Behavioral Response to Social Stress in Rats
Menzaghi, F., Heinrichs, S. C., Vargas‐Cortes, M., Goldstein, G., & Koob, G. F. (1996) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(96)80010-2 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Chronic social stress conditions differentially modify vulnerability to amphetamine self-administration
Lemaire, V., Deminière, J.-M., & Mormède, P. (1994) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91086-3 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Differential effects of prior dominance or subordination experience on conspecific odor preferences in mice
Rawleigh, J. M., Kemble, E. D., & Ostrem, J. L. (1993) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(93)90040-m · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The Role of Submissiveness in Isolation Induced Intermale Fighting in Mice
Grimm, V. E. (1980) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207458009150334 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Influence of social dominance on self-stimulation behavior in male golden hamsters
Kureta, Y. (1996) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)02123-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Effects of NADH on dopamine release in rat striatum
Pearl, S. M., Antion, M. D., Stanwood, G. D., Jaumotte, J. D., Kapatos, G., & Zigmond, M. J. (2000) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2396(200005)36:2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
Opioid modulation of sucrose intake in CD-1 mice: Effects of gender and housing conditions
Moles, A., & COOPER, S. (1995) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)00134-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Psychosocial factors in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: a systematic review
Hemingway, H., & Marmot, M. G. (1998) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Social Status and Stress
de Ridder, D. T. D. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012373947-6.00352-4 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1992) · doi:10.1002/1098-2337(1992)18:6
Self-citation
Untitled work
(1997) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1063(1997)7:4

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Mood disorders and allostatic load
McEwen, B. S. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00177-x · Cited by 1,135 · see citing works
Timing of pubertal maturation in girls: an integrated life history approach
Ellis, B. J. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.920 · Cited by 1,014 · see citing works
The neuroendocrinology of social isolation
Cacioppo, J. T., Cacioppo, S., Capitanio, J. P., & Cole, S. W. (2015) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015240 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
The neurobiology and control of anxious states
Millan, M. J. (2003) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(03)00087-x · Cited by 963 · see citing works
Stress and neuroinflammation: a systematic review of the effects of stress on microglia and the implications for mental illness
Calcia, M., Bonsall, D. R., Bloomfield, P. S., Selvaraj, S., Barichello, T., & Howes, O. D. (2016) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4218-9 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
β-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonism Prevents Anxiety-Like Behavior and Microglial Reactivity Induced by Repeated Social Defeat
Wohleb, E. S., Hanke, M. L., Corona, A. W., Powell, N. D., Stiner, L. M., Bailey, M. T., Nelson, R. J., Godbout, J. P., & Sheridan, J. F. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0450-11.2011 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Preclinical models: status of basic research in depression
Nestler, E. J., Gould, E., & Manji, H. K. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01405-1 · Cited by 559 · see citing works
Evolutionary background for stress-coping styles: Relationships between physiological, behavioral, and cognitive traits in non-mammalian vertebrates
Øyvind Øverli, A., Sørensen, C., Pulman, K. G. T., Pottinger, T. G., Korzan, W. J., Summers, C. H., & Nilsson, G. (2006) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.10.006 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Neuroendocrine aspects of the response to stress
Miller, D. B., & O'Callaghan, J. P. (2002) · Metabolism · doi:10.1053/meta.2002.33184 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Allostasis and the human brain: Integrating models of stress from the social and life sciences
Ganzel, B., Morris, P. A., & Wethington, E. (2010) · Psychology Review · doi:10.1037/a0017773 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Animal models of major depression and their clinical implications
Czéh, B., Fuchs, E., Wiborg, O., & Simon, M. (2016) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.04.004 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Neurobiology and consequences of social isolation stress in animal model—A comprehensive review
Mumtaz, F., Khan, M. I., Zubair, M., & Dehpour, A. R. (2018) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.086 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Stress, social behavior, and resilience: Insights from rodents
Beery, A. K., & Kaufer, D. (2014) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2014.10.004 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Long-term effects of social stress on brain and behavior: a focus on hippocampal functioning
Buwalda, B., Kole, M. H. P., Veenema, A. H., Huininga, M., de Boer, S. F., Korte, S. M., & Koolhaas, J. M. (2004) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.05.005 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Aggression and vasotocin are associated with dominant–subordinate relationships in zebrafish
Larson, E. T., O’Malley, D. M., & Melloni, R. H. (2005) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2005.08.020 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Social Defeat as an Animal Model for Depression
Hollis, F., & Kabbaj, M. (2014) · ILAR Journal · doi:10.1093/ilar/ilu002 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Chronic Social Instability Induces Anxiety and Defective Social Interactions Across Generations
Saavedra-Rodríguez, L., & Feig, L. A. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.06.035 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
The mouse that roared: neural mechanisms of social hierarchy
Wang, F., Kessels, H. W. H. G., & Hu, H. (2014) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2014.07.005 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Effects of social isolation on glucocorticoid regulation in social mammals
Hawkley, L. C., Cole, S. W., Capitanio, J. P., Norman, G. J., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2012) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.05.011 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Accumbal dopamine and serotonin in anticipation of the next aggressive episode in rats
Ferrari, P. F., van Erp, A. M. M., Tornatzky, W., & Miczek, K. A. (2003) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02447.x · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Establishment of a repeated social defeat stress model in female mice
Takahashi, A., Chung, J.-R., Zhang, S., Zhang, H., Grossman, Y., Aleyasin, H., Flanigan, M. E., Pfau, M. L., Menard, C., Dumitriu, D., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-12811-8 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Social stress: From rodents to primates
Tamashiro, K. L., Nguyen, M. M. N., & Sakai, R. R. (2005) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2005.03.001 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Selecting an Appropriate Animal Model of Depression
Hao, Y., Ge, H., Sun, M., & Gao, Y. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20194827 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Loneliness Across Phylogeny and a Call for Comparative Studies and Animal Models
Cacioppo, J. T., Cacioppo, S., Cole, S. W., Capitanio, J. P., Goossens, L., & Boomsma, D. I. (2015) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691614564876 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Social conflict models: Can they inform us about human psychopathology?
Huhman, K. L. (2006) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.06.022 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Acute Psychosocial Stress Reduces Cell Survival in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis without Altering Proliferation
Thomas, R. M., Hotsenpiller, G., & Peterson, D. A. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3849-06.2007 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
The role of the locus coeruleus in the generation of pathological anxiety
Morris, L. S., McCall, J. G., Charney, D. S., & Murrough, J. W. (2020) · Brain and Neuroscience Advances · doi:10.1177/2398212820930321 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
The evolutionary origins of mood and its disorders
Nettle, D., & Bateson, M. (2012) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.06.020 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Defeat stress in rodents: from behavior to molecules
Hammels, C., Pishva, E., De Vry, J., van den Hove, D. L. A., Prickaerts, J., van Winkel, R., Selten, J.-P., Lesch, K.-P., Daskalakis, N. P., Steinbusch, H. W. M., et al. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.10.006 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Social factors and individual vulnerability to chronic stress exposure
Bartolomucci, A., Palanza, P., Sacerdote, P., Panerai, A. E., Sgoifo, A., Dantzer, R., & Parmigiani, S. (2004) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.06.009 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Effects of maternal exposure to social stress during pregnancy: consequences for mother and offspring
Brunton, P. J. (2013) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/rep-13-0258 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Perigenual anterior cingulate morphology covaries with perceived social standing
Gianaros, P. J., Horenstein, J. A., Cohen, S., Matthews, K. A., Brown, S. M., Flory, J. D., Critchley, H. D., Manuck, S. B., & Hariri, A. R. (2007) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsm013 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Social stress, immune functions and disease in rodents
Bartolomucci, A. (2007) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.02.001 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Effects of repeated social stress on leukocyte distribution in bone marrow, peripheral blood and spleen
Engler, H., Bailey, M. T., Engler, A., & Sheridan, J. F. (2004) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.11.011 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Resilience to the effects of social stress: Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies on the role of coping strategies
Wood, S. K., & Bhatnagar, S. (2014) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2014.11.002 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Understanding stress: Insights from rodent models
Atrooz, F., Alkadhi, K. A., & Salim, S. (2021) · Current Research in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.crneur.2021.100013 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Mice selected for high versus low stress reactivity: A new animal model for affective disorders
Touma, C., Bunck, M., Glasl, L., Nußbaumer, M., Palme, R., Stein, H., Wolferstätter, M., Zeh, R., Zimbelmann, M., Holsboer, F., et al. (2008) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.03.013 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
To group or not to group? Good practice for housing male laboratory mice
Kappel, S., Hawkins, P., & Mendl, M. (2017) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani7120088 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
PRECLINICAL STUDY: Acute and chronic cannabinoid treatment differentially affects recognition memory and social behavior in pubertal and adult rats
Schneider, M., Schömig, E., & Leweke, F. M. (2008) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2008.00117.x · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Animal models of depression
Deussing, J. M. (2006) · Drug Discovery Today Disease Models · doi:10.1016/j.ddmod.2006.11.003 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of immunomodulation in the brain through environmental enrichment
Singhal, G., Jaehne, E. J., Corrigan, F., & Baune, B. T. (2014) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00097 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Coping with competitive situations in humans
Salvador, A. (2004) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.07.004 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
More than numbers matter: The effect of social factors on behaviour and welfare of laboratory rodents and non-human primates
Olsson, I. A. S., & Westlund, K. (2006) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2006.05.022 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Regulation of Hippocampal Gene Expression Is Conserved in Two Species Subjected to Different Stressors and Antidepressant Treatments
Alfonso, J., Frick, L. R., Silberman, D. M., Palumbo, M. L., Genaro, A. M., & Frasch, A. C. C. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.06.036 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Intense cocaine self-administration after episodic social defeat stress, but not after aggressive behavior: dissociation from corticosterone activation
Covington, H. E., & Miczek, K. A. (2005) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0190-5 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Coping with competition: Neuroendocrine responses and cognitive variables
Salvador, A., & Costa, R. (2008) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.09.005 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Deficient Social and Play Behavior in Juvenile and Adult Rats after Neonatal Cortical Lesion: Effects of Chronic Pubertal Cannabinoid Treatment
Schneider, M., & Koch, M. (2004) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300634 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
The aging brain. Changes in the neuronal insulin/insulin receptor signal transduction cascade trigger late-onset sporadic Alzheimer disease (SAD). A mini-review
Hoyer, S. (2002) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s007020200082 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Validation of a simple, ethologically relevant paradigm for assessing anxiety in mice
Merali, Z., Levac, C., & Anisman, H. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01827-9 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Behaviour in the elevated plus-maze predicts coping after subchronic mild stress in mice
Ducottet, C., & Belzung, C. (2004) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.01.013 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Repeated exposure to social stress has long-term effects on indirect markers of dopaminergic activity in brain regions associated with motivated behavior
Lucas, L., Celen, Z., Tamashiro, K. L., Blanchard, R. J., Blanchard, D. C., Markham, C. M., Sakai, R. R., & McEwen, B. S. (2004) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.12.009 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Self-citation
The reformulation of emotional security theory: The role of children's social defense in developmental psychopathology
Davies, P. T., & Martin, M. J. (2013) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579413000709 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Ethological approach to social isolation effects in behavioral studies of laboratory rodents
Arakawa, H. (2018) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.022 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Acute and chronic restraint stress alter the incidence of social conflict in male rats
Wood, G. E., Young, L. T., Reagan, L. P., & McEwen, B. S. (2003) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0018-506x(02)00026-0 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Chronic and acute effects of stress on energy balance: are there appropriate animal models?
Harris, R. B. S. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00361.2014 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
A Social Network Approach Reveals Associations between Mouse Social Dominance and Brain Gene Expression
So, N., Franks, B., Lim, S., & Curley, J. P. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134509 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Estrogen involvement in social behavior in rodents: Rapid and long-term actions
Ervin, K. S. J., Lymer, J., Matta, R., Clipperton‐Allen, A. E., Kavaliers, M., & Choleris, E. (2015) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.05.023 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Social interactions tune aggression and stress responsiveness in a territorial cichlid fish (Archocentrus nigrofasciatus)
Earley, R. L., Edwards, J. T., Aseem, S. O., Felton, K., Blumer, L. S., Karom, M. C., & Grober, M. S. (2006) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.04.002 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
PACAP-deficient mice show attenuated corticosterone secretion and fail to develop depressive behavior during chronic social defeat stress
Lehmann, M. L., Mustafa, T., Eiden, A. M., Herkenham, M. A., & Eiden, L. E. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.09.006 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Animal models of depression: are there any?
O'Neil, M. F., & Moore, N. A. (2003) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.496 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Sexual behavior, neuroendocrine, and neurochemical aspects in male rats exposed prenatally to stress
Gerardin, D. C. C., Pereira, O. C. M., Kempinas, W. D. G., Flório, J. C., Moreira, E. G., & Bernardi, M. M. (2004) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.10.014 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Noise-Induced Inner Hair Cell Ribbon Loss Disturbs Central Arc Mobilization: A Novel Molecular Paradigm for Understanding Tinnitus
Singer, W., Zuccotti, A., Jaumann, M., Lee, S. C., Panford-Walsh, R., Xiong, H., Zimmermann, U., Franz, C., Geisler, H.-S., Köpschall, I., et al. (2012) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-012-8372-8 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Serotonin Coordinates Responses to Social Stress—What We Can Learn from Fish
Backström, T., & Winberg, S. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00595 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Social isolation selectively reduces hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor without altering plasma corticosterone
Scaccianoce, S., Bianco, P. D., Paolone, G., Caprioli, D., Modafferi, A. M. E., Nencini, P., & Badiani, A. (2006) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2005.04.024 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
An Audit of Behavioral Indicators of Poor Welfare in Kenneled Dogs in the United Kingdom
Stephen, J. M., & Ledger, R. A. (2005) · Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science · doi:10.1207/s15327604jaws0802_1 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Chronic psychosocial stress and citalopram modulate the expression of the glial proteins GFAP and NDRG2 in the hippocampus
Araya-Callís, C., Hiemke, C., Abumaria, N., & Flugge, G. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2741-x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Imipramine attenuates neuroinflammatory signaling and reverses stress-induced social avoidance
Ramirez, K., Shea, D. T., McKim, D. B., Reader, B. F., & Sheridan, J. F. (2015) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.01.016 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Social stress during adolescence in Wistar rats induces social anxiety in adulthood without affecting brain monoaminergic content and activity
Vidal, J., de Bie, J., Granneman, R. A., Wallinga, A. E., Koolhaas, J. M., & Buwalda, B. (2007) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.06.004 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Evidence supporting the match/mismatch hypothesis of psychiatric disorders
Santarelli, S., Lesuis, S. L., Wang, X., Wagner, K. V., Hartmann, J., Labermaier, C., Scharf, S. H., Müller, M. B., Holsboer, F., & Schmidt, M. V. (2014) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.02.002 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation and behavioral analysis of mouse mutants with altered glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid receptor function: Review
Kolber, B. J., Wieczorek, L., & Muglia, L. J. (2008) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890701821081 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Acute exposure to predator odor elicits a robust increase in corticosterone and a decrease in activity without altering proliferation in the adult rat hippocampus
THOMAS, R., URBAN, J., & Peterson, D. A. (2006) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.04.010 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Adaptive changes in zebrafish brain in dominant–subordinate behavioral context
Pavlidis, M. A., Sundvik, M., Chen, Y., & Panula, P. (2011) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.08.022 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
The importance of stress and genetic variation in human aggression
Craig, I. (2007) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.20538 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Cognition in the field: comparison of reversal learning performance in captive and wild passerines
Cauchoix, M., Hermer, E., Chaine, A. S., & Morand‐Ferron, J. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13179-5 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Increased sensitivity to the effects of chronic social defeat stress in an innately anxious mouse strain
Savignac, H. M., Finger, B. C., Pizzo, R., O’Leary, O. F., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2011) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.04.054 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Prenatal restraint stress impairs learning and memory and hippocampal PKCbeta1 expression and translocation in offspring rats
Wu, J., Song, T., Li, Y.-J., He, K.-S., Ge, L., & Wang, L. (2007) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.024 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Evaluation of Social and Physical Enrichment in Modulation of Behavioural Phenotype in C57BL/6J Female Mice
Kulesskaya, N., Rauvala, H., & Võikar, V. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024755 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Temporal patterns of limbic monoamine and plasma corticosterone response during social stress
Summers, C. H., Summers, T. R., Moore, M. C., Korzan, W. J., Woodley, S. K., Ronan, P. J., H�glund, E., Watt, M. J., & Greenberg, N. L. (2003) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00708-x · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Repeated intranasal oxytocin administration in early life dysregulates the HPA axis and alters social behavior
Rault, J.-L., Carter, C. S., Garner, J. P., Marchant, J. N., Richert, B. T., & Lay, D. C. (2013) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.02.007 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Chronic psychosocial stressors in adulthood: Studies in mice, rats and tree shrews
Pryce, C. R., & Fuchs, E. (2016) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.10.001 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Emotional valence and context of social influences on drug abuse-related behavior in animal models of social stress and prosocial interaction
Neisewander, J. L., Peartree, N. A., & Pentkowski, N. S. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2853-3 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Colony formation of C57BL/6J mice in visible burrow system: identification of eusocial behaviors in a background strain for genetic animal models of autism
ARAKAWA, H., BLANCHARD, D., & BLANCHARD, R. (2007) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2006.07.027 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citation
Why and how the early-life environment affects development of coping behaviours
Langenhof, M. R., & Komdeur, J. (2018) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-018-2452-3 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Social correlates of stress in adult males of the great gerbil, Rhombomys opimus, in years of high and low population densities
Rogovin, K., Randall, J. A., Колосова, И. Е., & Moshkin, M. P. (2003) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0018-506x(02)00028-4 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Social descent with territory loss causes rapid behavioral, endocrine, and transcriptional changes in the brain
Maruska, K. P., Becker, L., Neboori, A., & Fernald, R. D. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.088617 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Aggression, glucocorticoids, and the chronic costs of status competition for wild male chimpanzees
Muller, M. N., Enigk, D. K., Fox, S. A., Lucore, J. M., Machanda, Z. P., Wrangham, R. W., & Thompson, M. E. (2021) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.104965 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
A single exposure to social isolation in domestic piglets activates behavioural arousal, neuroendocrine stress hormones, and stress-related gene expression in the brain
Kanitz, E., Puppe, B., Tuchscherer, M., Heberer, M., Viergutz, T., & Tuchscherer, A. (2009) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.05.007 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
The Concentric Square Field: A multivariate test arena for analysis of explorative strategies
Meyerson, B. J., Augustsson, H., Berg, M., & Roman, E. (2005) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2005.10.020 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Social harassment induces anxiety-like behaviour in crayfish
Bacqué-Cazenave, J., Cattaert, D., Delbecque, J., & Fossat, P. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep39935 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Experimental models of stress
Patchev, V. K., & Patchev, A. V. (2006) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2006.8.4/vpatchev · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Chronic psychosocial stress persistently alters autonomic function and physical activity in mice
Bartolomucci, A., Palanza, P., Costoli, T., Savani, E., Giovanni Laviola, A., Parmigiani, S., & Sgoifo, A. (2003) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(03)00209-9 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Neurochemical and behavioral alterations elicited by a chronic intermittent stressor regimen: implications for allostatic load
Tannenbaum, B. M., Tannenbaum, G. S., Sudom, K., & Anisman, H. (2002) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03273-0 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Motivational and Heritable Determinants of Dispersal Latency in Wild Male House Mice (Mus musculus musculus)
Krackow, S. (2003) · Ethology · doi:10.1046/j.1439-0310.2003.00913.x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Cognitive Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder. A Translational Review in Animal Models of the Disease
Darcet, F., Gardier, A. M., Raphaël Gaillard, B., David, D. J. P., & Guilloux, J. (2016) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph9010009 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Brain serotonergic activation in growth-stunted farmed salmon: adaption versus pathology
Vindas, M. A., Johansen, I. B., Folkedal, O., Höglund, E., Gorissen, M., Flik, G., Kristiansen, T., & Øyvind Øverli, A. (2016) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.160030 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Central corticotropin releasing factor and social stress
Bäckström, T., & Winberg, S. (2013) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2013.00117 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Regulation of stress response on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis via gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone
Son, Y. L., Ubuka, T., & Tsutsui, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100953 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Effects of neonatal handling on the behavior and prolactin stress response in male and female rats at various ages and estrous cycle phases of females
Severino, G. S., Fossati, I. A. M., Padoin, M. J., Gomes, C., Trevizan, L., Sanvitto, G. L., Franci, C. R., Anselmo-Franci, J. A., & Lucion, A. B. (2004) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.02.019 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Peripheral oxytocin administration buffers autonomic but not behavioral responses to environmental stressors in isolated prairie voles
Grippo, A. J., Pournajafi-Nazarloo, H., Sanzenbacher, L., Trahanas, D. M., McNeal, N., Clarke, D. A., Porges, S. W., & Sue Carter, C. (2012) · Stress · doi:10.3109/10253890.2011.605486 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The neuronal insulin sensitizer dicholine succinate reduces stress-induced depressive traits and memory deficit: possible role of insulin-like growth factor 2
Cline, B. H., Steinbusch, H. W. M., Malin, D., Revishchin, A. V., Gv, P., Cespuglio, R., & Strekalova, T. V. (2012) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-13-110 · Cited by 74 · see citing works

Effects of Social Stress on Hormones, Brain, and Behavior
Blanchard, D. C., McKittrick, C. R., Blanchard, R. J., & Hardy, M. P. (2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012532104-4/50015-9 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citation
Animal models of social stress: the dark side of social interactions
Masís-Calvo, M., Schmidtner, A. K., Oliveira, V. E. D. M., Grossmann, C. P., A, T. R. D. J., & Neumann, I. D. (2018) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890.2018.1462327 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Social Stress Effects on Hormones, Brain, and Behavior
McKittrick, C. R., Blanchard, D. C., Hardy, M. P., & Blanchard, R. J. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008088783-8.00009-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation
Social Stress, Animal Models of
Bugajski, J., Gądek-Michalska, A., & Bugajski, A. J. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012373947-6.00353-6
WITHDRAWN
(2013) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2013-306103.1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Authors: Blanchard, R. J., McKittrick, C. R., & Blanchard, D. C.
Affiliations: University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
Corresponding author: Blanchard, Robert J
ORCID: Blanchard, D.Caroline
Venue: Physiology & Behavior
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2001-06
Volume: 73
Issue: 3
Pages: 261-271
ISSN: 0031-9384 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00449-8
OpenAlex: W2074796005
Cited by: 595
References: 126
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 39
FWCI: 7.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Physiology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords: social stress, animal models of stress, social isolation, agonistic behavior, dominance hierarchy, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, glucocorticoids, serotonin, noradrenergic system, monoamines, peptidergic systems, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, neurogenesis, aggression, defensiveness, sex differences
MeSH terms: Animals, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Brain Chemistry, Models, Psychological, Social Environment, Stress, Psychological

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Animal models of social stress: Effects on behavior and brain neurochemical systems

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks