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Reward uncertainty enhances incentive salience attribution as sign-tracking
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Conditioned stimuli (CSs) come to act as motivational magnets following repeated association with unconditioned stimuli (UCSs) such as sucrose rewards. By traditional views, the more reliably predictive a Pavlovian CS-UCS association, the more the CS becomes attractive. However, in some cases, less predictability might equal more motivation. Here we examined the effect of introducing uncertainty in CS-UCS association on CS strength as an attractive motivation magnet. In the present study, Experiment 1 assessed the effects of Pavlovian predictability versus uncertainty about reward probability and/or reward magnitude on the acquisition and expression of sign-tracking (ST) and goal-tracking (GT) responses in an autoshaping procedure. Results suggested that uncertainty produced strongest incentive salience expressed as sign-tracking. Experiment 2 examined whether a within-individual temporal shift from certainty to uncertainty conditions could produce a stronger CS motivational magnet when uncertainty began, and found that sign-tracking still increased after the shift. Overall, our results support earlier reports that ST responses become more pronounced in the presence of uncertainty regarding CS-UCS associations, especially when uncertainty combines both probability and magnitude. These results suggest that Pavlovian uncertainty, although diluting predictability, is still able to enhance the incentive motivational power of particular CSs.
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“It is thought that reward uncertainty, like drugs of abuse, may also sensitize neural systems to rewards and reward-related cues (Anselme & Robinson, 2013; Anselme, Robinson, & Berridge, 2013; Berridge, 2007; Mascia et al., 2018; M. J. F. Robinson, Anselme, Fischer, & Berridge, 2014a; Rømer Thomsen et al., 2014).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Anselme, Robinson, & Berridge, 2013
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Ostlund, S. B., & Marshall, A. T. (2021) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.04.021 · Cited by 20
Acquiring competence from both extrinsic and intrinsic rewards
Anselme, P., & Hidi, S. E. (2024) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.101939 · Cited by 14
Self-citationUncertainty processing in bees exposed to free choices: Lessons from vertebrates
Anselme, P. (2018) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-018-1441-x · Cited by 14
Self-citationWiehler, A., & Peters, J. (2024) · Computational Psychiatry · doi:10.5334/cpsy.104 · Cited by 22
Enhanced exploratory activity in woodlice exposed to random visuo-tactile patterns
Anselme, P. (2015) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2014.09.002 · Cited by 13
Self-citationBeckes, L., Simons, K. J., Lewis, D., Le, A., & Edwards, W. L. (2016) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550616671402 · Cited by 13
“…support should be associated with relief, calm, and so on, just unpredictably and that unpredictability should increase the incentive salience (Anselme et al., 2013) of that support, which should increase the strength of the association between the inconsistent person and implicit security…”
BackgroundFraser, K. M., & Janak, P. H. (2019) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.049320.119 · Cited by 13
“This is contrary to observations that uncertainty amplifies the incentive motivational value of Pavlovian cues (Anselme et al. 2013; Robinson et al. 2014a; Zack et al. 2014), but perhaps the hierarchical nature of occasion setting focuses the motivational enhancing aspects of uncertainty to the…”
ResultImplementations of sign- and goal-tracking behavior in humans: A scoping review
Heck, M., Durieux, N., Anselme, P., & Quertemont, É. (2024) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-024-01230-8 · Cited by 12
“CS duration and CS-US interval (Holland, 1980), reward predictability (Anselme et al., 2013), inter-trial interval (Mahmoudi et al., 2023), as well as the nature of the CS (a lever vs. a tone) (Meyer et al., 2014), also impact the proportion of STs (and GTs when assessed) in rodents.”
Self-citationEvidence for motivational enhancement of sign-tracking behavior under reward uncertainty.
Anselme, P., & Robinson, M. J. F. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Learning and Cognition · doi:10.1037/xan0000213 · Cited by 11
Self-citationRewards interact with repetition‐dependent learning to enhance long‐term retention of motor memories
Hamel, R., Côté, K., Matte, A., Lepage, J., & Bernier, P. (2019) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14171 · Cited by 15
Effects of partial reinforcement on autoshaping in inbred Roman high- and low-avoidance rats
Fuentes-Verdugo, E., Pellón, R., Papini, M. R., Torres, C., Fernández‐Teruel, A., & Anselme, P. (2020) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113111 · Cited by 12
Self-citationEagle, D. M., Schepisi, C., Chugh, S., Desai, S., Han, S. Y. S., Huang, T., Lee, J. J., Sobala, C., Ye, W., Milton, A. L., et al. (2020) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05636-3 · Cited by 12
Effort-motivated behavior resolves paradoxes in appetitive conditioning
Anselme, P. (2021) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104525 · Cited by 13
Self-citationDual Reward Prediction Components Yield Pavlovian Sign- and Goal-Tracking
Kaveri, S., & Nakahara, H. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108142 · Cited by 11
“, the role of distance, timing, and contingency between the cue and reward [17,43,44].”
BackgroundSources of maladaptive behavior in ‘normal’ organisms
Miller, R. R., & Polack, C. W. (2017) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2017.12.017 · Cited by 14
Psychobiology of gambling-related cognitions in gambling disorder
de Lara, C. M. R., & Perales, J. C. (2019) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.11.012 · Cited by 10
Dinu, L. M., Georgescu, A. L., Singh, S. N., Byrom, N., Overton, P. G., Singer, B. F., & Dommett, E. J. (2024) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114846 · Cited by 13
“Reward uncertainty has been shown to increase the propensity to sign-track in animal studies [1].”
BackgroundDopaminergic and prefrontal dynamics co-determine mouse decisions in a spatial gambling task
Bousseyrol, E., Didienne, S., Takillah, S., Solié, C., Côme, M., Yahia, T. A., Mondoloni, S., Vicq, É., Tricoire, L., Mourot, A., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112523 · Cited by 17
Effects of predictive and incentive value manipulation on sign- and goal-tracking behavior
Maria-Rios, C. E., Fitzpatrick, C. J., Czesak, F. N., & Morrow, J. D. (2019) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107796 · Cited by 10
Tabbara, R. I., Maddux, J.-M. N., Beharry, P. F., Iannuzzi, J., & Chaudhri, N. (2016) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/bne0000138 · Cited by 10
Foraging motivation favors the occurrence of Lévy walks
Anselme, P., Otto, T., & Güntürkün, O. (2017) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2017.12.014 · Cited by 10
“As already noted, the propensity to approach a CS is typically used as an index of incentive motivation in real animals (e.g., Anselme et al., 2013; Blaiss and Janak, 2009; Day et al., 2006; Doremus-Fitzwater and Spear, 2011; Flagel et al., 2007; Robinson and Berridge, 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationInguscio, B. M. S., Cartocci, G., Modica, E., Rossi, D., Martinez-Levy, A. C., Cherubino, P., Tamborra, L., & Babiloni, F. (2021) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.06.010 · Cited by 12
Searching for inhibition of return in the rat using the covert orienting of attention task
Wagner, U., Baker, L. M., & Rostron, C. L. (2014) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-014-0745-0 · Cited by 10
Wiehler, A., & Peters, J. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.06.03.131359 · Cited by 10
Flexible control of Pavlovian-instrumental transfer based on expected reward value.
Marshall, A. T., Halbout, B., Munson, C., Hutson, C., & Ostlund, S. B. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Learning and Cognition · doi:10.1037/xan0000348 · Cited by 10
Overmatching under food uncertainty in foraging pigeons
Anselme, P., Wittek, N., Oeksuez, F., & Güntürkün, O. (2022) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104728 · Cited by 9
Self-citationSeeking Pleasure, Finding Trouble: Functions and Dysfunctions of Trait Sensation Seeking
Chase, H. W., & Ghane, M. (2023) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-023-00484-5 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Anselme, P., Robinson, M. J. F., & Berridge, K. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Anselme, Patrick
- Venue
- Behavioural Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-02
- Volume
- 238
- Pages
- 53-61
- ISSN
- 0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4066390
- OpenAlex
- W2111104955
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 4.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Belgian American Educational Foundation
- Educational Foundation of America
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-63649, R01MH063649)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA015188, DA015188-01-A1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- reward uncertainty, incentive salience, sign-tracking, goal tracking, classical conditioning, reward probability, reward magnitude, autoshaping, motivation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Attention, Behavior, Animal, Conditioning, Classical, Female, Motivation, Reward, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Uncertainty, Rats
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