Under the influence: Effects of adolescent ethanol exposure and anxiety on motivation for uncertain gambling-like cues in male and female rats

Hellberg, Samantha N.; Levit, Jeremy D.; Robinson, Mike J.F.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.036

Cited by 70Gambling Behavior and TreatmentsNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Under the influence: Effects of adolescent ethanol exposure and anxiety on motivation for uncertain gambling-like cues in male and female rats

Hellberg, Samantha N., Levit, Jeremy D., Robinson, Mike J.F.·2018·Behavioural Brain Research

DOI 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.036

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Abstract

Gambling disorder (GD) frequently co-occurs with alcohol use and anxiety disorders, suggesting possible shared mechanisms. Recent research suggests reward uncertainty may powerfully enhance attraction towards reward cues. Here, we examined the effects of adolescent ethanol exposure, anxiety, and reward uncertainty on cue-triggered motivation. Male and female adolescent rats were given free access to ethanol or control jello for 20days. Following withdrawal, rats underwent autoshaping on a certain (100%-1) or uncertain (50%-1-2-3) reward contingency, followed by single-session conditioned reinforcement and progressive ratio tasks, and 7days of omission training, during which lever pressing resulted in omission of reward. Finally, anxiety levels were quantified on the elevated plus maze. Here, we found that uncertainty narrowed cue attraction by significantly increasing the ratio of sign-tracking to goal-tracking, particularly amongst control jello and high anxiety animals, but not in animals exposed to ethanol during adolescence. In addition, attentional bias towards the lever cue was more persistent under uncertain conditions following omission training. We also found that females consumed more ethanol, and that uncertainty mitigated the anxiolytic effects of ethanol exposure observed in high ethanol intake animals under certainty conditions. Our results further support that reward uncertainty biases attraction towards reward cues, suggesting also that heightened anxiety may enhance vulnerability to the effects of reward uncertainty. Chronic, elevated alcohol consumption may contribute to heightened anxiety levels, while high anxiety may promote the over-attribution of incentive value to reward cues, highlighting possible mechanisms that may drive concurrent anxiety, heavy drinking, and problematic gambling.

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Adolescent alcohol exposure amplifies the incentive value and attraction of reward-predictive cues through potentiation of dopamine signaling.
“In particular, adolescent alcohol exposure amplifies the incentive value and attraction of reward-predictive cues (Hellberg, Levit, & Robinson, 2018; Madayag, Stringfield, Reissner, Boettiger, & Robinson, 2017), and does so through potentiation of dopamine signaling (Spoelder, Tsutsui, Lesscher, Vanderschuren, & Clark, 2015).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Hellberg, Levit, & Robinson, 2018
Exposure to reward uncertainty increases the proportion of individuals that ascribe incentive value to cues, and further narrows their focus on cues.
“Exposure to reward uncertainty even increases the proportion of individuals that ascribe incentive value to cues, and further narrows their focus on cues (Hellberg et al., 2018; M. J. F. Robinson, Anselme, Suchomel, & Berridge, 2015a).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Hellberg et al., 2018
High anxiety animals demonstrate particular vulnerability to attend to reward-related uncertain cues.
“One animal study has supported this model, with high anxiety animals demonstrating particular vulnerability to attend to reward-related uncertain cues (Hellberg et al., 2018).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Hellberg et al., 2018

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Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior
Hellberg, S. N., Russell, T. I., & Robinson, M. J. F. (2019) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-018-00662-3 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“Exposure to reward uncertainty even increases the proportion of individuals that ascribe incentive value to cues, and further narrows their focus on cues (Hellberg et al., 2018; M. J. F. Robinson, Anselme, Suchomel, & Berridge, 2015a).”
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REINFORCEMENT AND INSTRUCTIONS WITH MENTAL PATIENTS1
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Authors: Hellberg, S. N., Levit, J. D., & Robinson, M. J. F.
Affiliations: Wesleyan University (US)
Corresponding author: Robinson, Mike J.F.
ORCID: Hellberg, Samantha N.
Robinson, Mike J.F.
Venue: Behavioural Brain Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2018-01
Volume: 337
Pages: 17-33
ISSN: 0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.036
OpenAlex: W2756943806
Cited by: 70
References: 102
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3
FWCI: 18.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Wesleyan University
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: adolescent ethanol exposure, anxiety, reward uncertainty, sign-tracking, goal tracking, attentional bias, sex differences, alcoholism, gambling addiction, incentive salience
MeSH terms: Alcohol Drinking, Ethanol, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Anxiety, Central Nervous System Depressants, Conditioning, Operant, Cues, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Gambling, Male, Motivation, Random Allocation, Reward, Sex Factors, Time Factors, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Maze Learning, Uncertainty, Rats

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Under the influence: Effects of adolescent ethanol exposure and anxiety on motivation for uncertain gambling-like cues in male and female rats

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