An overview of filtration efficiency through the masks: Mechanisms of the aerosols penetration
Open accessAbstract
The masks have always been mentioned as an effective tool against environmental threats. They are considered as protective equipment to preserve the respiratory system against the non-desirable air droplets and aerosols such as the viral or pollution particles. The aerosols can be pollution existence in the air, or the infectious airborne viruses initiated from the sneezing, coughing of the infected people. The filtration efficiency of the different masks against these aerosols are not the same, as the particles have different sizes, shapes, and properties. Therefore, the challenge is to fabricate the filtration masks with higher efficiency to decrease the penetration percentage at the nastiest conditions. To achieve this concept, knowledge about the mechanisms of the penetration of the aerosols through the masks at different effective environmental conditions is necessary. In this paper, the literature about the different kinds of face masks and respiratory masks, common cases of their application, and the advantages and disadvantages of them in this regard have been reviewed. Moreover, the related mechanisms of the penetration of the aerosols through the masks are discussed. The environmental conditions affecting the penetration as well as the quality of the fabrication are studied. Finally, special attention was given to the numerical simulation related to the different existing mechanisms.
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Some degree of leakage is expected around the edges of surgical and cloth masks, and poor mask fit or improper usage can further increase mask bypass and decrease effectiveness.
“Some degree of leakage is expected around the edges of surgical and cloth masks in particular; poor mask fit and improper usage can further increase mask bypass, leading to a significant decrease in effectiveness [15,16,17].”
From Comparative Mask Protection against Inhaling Wildfire Smoke, Allergenic Bioaerosols, and Infectious Particles (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
The Leakage section says that almost all masks can leak, discusses leakage through surgical masks, and reports that leakage can reduce performance by about 50% or more. The Conclusions section links poor sealing or mask displacement to reduced efficiency. The copy does not specifically establish edge leakage in cloth masks or identify improper usage as a cause of increased bypass. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTo achieve improved mask performance will depend significantly on the face covering design, in particular the face seal, and incorporating materials used in their construction that exploit all mechanisms of filtration.
“To achieve improved mask performance will depend significantly on the face covering design, in particular the face seal, and incorporating materials used in their construction that exploit all mechanisms of filtration [57].”
From The protective performance of reusable cloth face masks, disposable procedure masks, KN95 masks and N95 respirators: Filtration and total inward leakage (2021) · cites this paper as [57]
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- Authors
- Tcharkhtchi, A., Abbasnezhad, N., Zarbini Seydani, M., Zirak, N., Farzaneh, S., & Shirinbayan, M.
- Affiliations
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Shirinbayan, M.
- Venue
- Bioactive Materials
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 106-122
- ISSN
- 2097-1192 (ISSN-L)
- 2452-199X
- PMC
- PMC7426537
- OpenAlex
- W3048946657
- Cited by
- 395
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 12
- FWCI
- 9.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Bioactive Materials (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- SAM, the Arts et Métiers ParisTech open access repository (Paris Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften (ZB MED) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Infection Control and Ventilation
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Textile materials and evaluations
- Keywords
- face masks, filtration efficiency, aerosol penetration, respiratory protection, airborne virus transmission
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