Transcranial magnetic stimulation: A neuroscientific probe of cortical function in schizophrenia
Open accessAbstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a neuropsychiatric tool that can serve as a useful method to better understand the neurobiology of cognitive function, behavior, and emotional processing. The purpose of this article is to examine the utility of TMS as a means to measure neocortical function in neuropsychiatric disorders in general, and schizophrenia in particular, for the Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia initiative. When incorporating TMS paradigms in research studies, methodologic considerations include technical aspects of TMS, cohort selection and confounding factors, and subject safety. Available evidence suggests benefits of TMS alone or in combination with neurophysiologic and neuroimaging methods, including positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, functional near infrared spectroscopy, magnetoencephalography, and electroencephalography, to explore neocortical function. With the multiple TMS techniques including single-pulse, paired-pulse, paired associative stimulation, and repetitive TMS and theta burst stimulation, combined with neurophysiologic and neuroimaging methods, there exists a plethora of TMS experimental paradigms to modulate neocortical physiologic processes. Specifically, TMS can measure cortical excitability, intracortical inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms, and local and network cortical plasticity. Coupled with functional and electrophysiologic modalities, TMS can provide insight into the mechanisms underlying healthy neurodevelopment and aging, as well as neuropsychiatric pathology. Thus, TMS could be a useful tool in the Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia armamentarium of biomarker methods. Future investigations are warranted to optimize TMS methodologies for this purpose.
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In chronic schizophrenia patients, deficits in visual cortex and long-term potentiation-like plasticity are reported when probed by transcranial direct current stimulation.
“In chronic schizophrenia patients, deficits in visual cortex and long-term potentiation-like plasticity are reported when probed by transcranial direct current stimulation (55–58).”
From Prolonged Period of Cortical Plasticity upon Redox Dysregulation in Fast-Spiking Interneurons (2015) · cites this paper as [56]
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Govindaraj, R., Naik, S. S., Mehta, U. M., Sharma, M., Varambally, S., & Gangadhar, B. N. (2021) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102731 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
- Authors
- McClintock, S. M., Freitas, C., Oberman, L., Lisanby, S. H., & Pascual-Leone, A.
- Affiliations
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-07
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 19-27
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3270326
- OpenAlex
- W2037097587
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Research Resources (MO1 RR01032)
- Harvard-Thorndike General Clinical Research Center at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
- Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center (UL1 RR025758)
- National Institute of Health (K24 RR018875, K23 MH087739)
- Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation
- Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BPD/66846/2009)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Keywords
- transcranial magnetic stimulation, schizophrenia, cortical excitability, paired-pulse TMS, repetitive TMS, theta burst stimulation, paired associative stimulation, intracortical inhibition, cortical plasticity, neuroimaging integration, biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Cognition, Humans, Schizophrenia, Biomarkers, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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