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Cited by 995

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Changes in Cannabis Potency Over the Last 2 Decades (1995–2014): Analysis of Current Data in the United States

Open access
ElSohly, Mahmoud A., Mehmedic, Zlatko, Foster, Susan, Gon, Chandrani, Chandra, Suman, Church, James C.·2016·Biological Psychiatry
DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.01.004
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Abstract

BACKGROUND Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States and all over the world. Reports indicate that the potency of cannabis preparation has been increasing. This report examines the concentration of cannabinoids in illicit cannabis products seized by DEA (drug and enforcement administration) over the last two decades, with particular emphasis on Δ9-THC and cannabidiol (CBD). METHODS Samples in this report are received over time from DEA confiscated materials and processed for analysis using a validated ‘gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (GC/FID)’ method. RESULTS A total of 38,681samples of cannabis preparations were received and analyzed between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2014. The data showed that, while the number of marijuana samples seized over the last four years has declined, the number of sinsemilla samples has increased. Overall, the potency of illicit cannabis plant material has consistently risen over time since 1995 from approximately 4% in 1995 to approximately 12% in 2014. On the other hand, the CBD content has fallen on average from approximately 0.28% in 2001 to <0.15% in 2014, resulting in a change in the ratio of THC to CBD from 14 times in 1995 to approximately 80 times in 2014. CONCLUSION It is concluded that there is a shift in the production of illicit cannabis plant material from regular marijuana to sinsemilla. This increase in potency poses higher risk of cannabis use, particularly among adolescents.

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Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. ElSohly, 1984, Constituents of cannabis sativa L. XXIV: The potency of confiscated marijuana, hashish, and hash oil over a ten-year period, J Forensic Sci, 29, 500, 10.1520/JFS11698J · DOI
  2. ElSohly, 2000, Potency trends of Δ9-THC and other cannabinoids in confiscated marijuana from 1980-1997, J Forensic Sci, 45, 24, 10.1520/JFS14636J · DOI · Paper page
  3. Volkow, 2014, Adverse health effects of marijuana use, N Engl J Med, 370, 2219, 10.1056/NEJMra1402309 · DOI · Paper page
  4. Mechoulam, 1978, Toward drugs derived from cannabis, Naturwissenschaften, 65, 174, 10.1007/BF00450585 · DOI
  5. Cunha, 1980, Chronic administration of cannabidiol to healthy volunteers and epileptic patients, Pharmacology, 21, 175, 10.1159/000137430 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Noonan, 2015, Marijuana’s medical future, Sci Am, 312, 32, 10.1038/scientificamerican0215-32 · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0215-32

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Metadata

Authors
ElSohly, M. A., Mehmedic, Z., Foster, S., Gon, C., Chandra, S., & Church, J. C.
Venue
Biological Psychiatry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-04
Volume
79
Issue
7
Pages
613-619
ISSN
0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.01.004
OpenAlex
W2253496291
Cited by
995
References
1
FWCI
71.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (N01DA-10-7773)
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (N01DA-10-7773)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (N01DA-10-7773)

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