Heart rate, heart rate variability, and heartbeat detection with the method of constant stimuli: slow and steady wins the race
Abstract
The literature on heartbeat detection is fraught with disagreement about appropriate methods. Some laboratories advocate the heartbeat counting method, whereas others advocate the method of constant (MCS) stimuli task. Advocates of the MCS task argue that the heartbeat counting task is confounded by expectancies of heart rate, whereas the MCS task has the virtue of assessing individual heartbeat sensations. In this paper, we present preliminary evidence that heart rate information may also influence performance on the MCS task. Heartbeat detection was predicted by decreased heart rate variability and decreased heart rate. The results suggest that the temporal patterning of heartbeats may influence performance on the MCS task.
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Heartbeat may be perceived via exteroceptive touch receptors due to vibration of the chest wall, with factors such as body fat percentage, systolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, and heart rate variability potentially affecting the extent to which heartbeat is perceived via this route.
“Second, heartbeat may be perceived via (exteroceptive) touch receptors due to the vibration of the chest wall, with factors such as the individual’s percentage of body fat (Rouse et al., 1988), systolic blood pressure (O’Brien et al., 1998) resting heart rate, and heart rate variability (Knapp-Kline and Kline, 2005) potentially affecting the extent to which heartbeat is perceived via this route.”
From Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review (2021) · cites this paper as Knapp-Kline and Kline, 2005
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- Authors
- Knapp-Kline, K., & Kline, J. P.
- Affiliations
- University of South Alabama (US)
- Venue
- Biological Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-07
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 387-396
- ISSN
- 0301-0511 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2159480095
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hl042366-06)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL 42366)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Keywords
- heartbeat detection, heart rate, heart rate variability, method of constant stimuli, heartbeat counting, heartbeat perception
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Electrocardiography, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male
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