Biodiesel production from algae oil high in free fatty acids by two-step catalytic conversion
Abstract
The effect of storage temperature and time on lipid composition of Scenedesmus sp. was studied. When stored at 4°C or higher, the free fatty acid content in the wet biomass increased from a trace to 62.0% by day 4. Using two-step catalytic conversion, algae oil with a high free fatty acid content was converted to biodiesel by pre-esterification and transesterification. The conversion rate of triacylglycerols reached 100% under the methanol to oil molar ratio of 12:1 during catalysis with 2% potassium hydroxide at 65°C for 30 min. This process was scaled up to produce biodiesel from Scenedesmus sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. oil. The crude biodiesel was purified using bleaching earth. Except for moisture content, the biodiesel conformed to Chinese National Standards.
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Lipase enzymes present in cells can convert acylglycerides to free fatty acids during lipid or biomass storage.
“and lipase enzymes present in the cells can convert acylglycerides to FFA during lipid or biomass storage (60).”
From Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Single-Cell Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Converting microbial lipids to fuels is a promising approach to replace fossil fuels (2021) · cites this paper as [60]
Phosphoric acid is routinely used in algae oil degumming because it also reduces chlorophyll.
“Phosphoric acid is routinely used in algae oil degumming given the co-benefit of chlorophyll reduction (32, 54, 60).”
From Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Single-Cell Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Converting microbial lipids to fuels is a promising approach to replace fossil fuels (2021) · cites this paper as [60]
Given the potentially high content of microbial polar lipids, a remarkable amount of microbial lipid may be lost in the degumming process.
“Given the potentially high content of microbial polar lipids, a remarkable amount of microbial lipid may be lost in the degumming process (60).”
From Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Single-Cell Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Converting microbial lipids to fuels is a promising approach to replace fossil fuels (2021) · cites this paper as [60]
Removal of chlorophyll is important in both hydroprocessing and biodiesel production because chlorophyll contamination can deactivate catalysts and degrade fuel quality.
“The removal of chlorophyll is important in both hydroprocessing and biodiesel production as chlorophyll contamination can deactivate catalysts and degrade fuel quality (60, 63, 64).”
From Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Single-Cell Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Converting microbial lipids to fuels is a promising approach to replace fossil fuels (2021) · cites this paper as [60]
The proportions of each lipid class vary greatly depending on the organism, growth mode, growth condition, growth stage, and postharvest processing conditions, including biomass and extracted oil storage and solvent extraction conditions.
“The proportions of each vary greatly depending on the organism, growth mode, growth condition, growth stage and postharvest processing conditions, including biomass and extracted oil storage and solvent extraction conditions (36, 60).”
From Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Single-Cell Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Converting microbial lipids to fuels is a promising approach to replace fossil fuels (2021) · cites this paper as [60]
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- Authors
- Chen, L., Liu, T., Zhang, W., Chen, X., & Wang, J.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Tianzhong
- Venue
- Bioresource Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-05
- Volume
- 111
- Pages
- 208-214
- ISSN
- 0960-8524 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2015521793
- Cited by
- 387
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 15.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Bioresource Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional knowledge base (Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biodiesel Production and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies
- Keywords
- biodiesel production, algae oil, free fatty acids, pre-esterification, transesterification, Scenedesmus, Nannochloropsis, potassium hydroxide catalyst, bleaching earth, biodiesel purification
- MeSH terms
- Catalysis, Esterification, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Oils, Scenedesmus, Biofuels
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