Recovery of Fuel-Precursor Lipids from Oleaginous Yeast
Open accessAbstract
Bioderived lipids offer a potentially promising intermediate to displace petroleum-derived diesel. One of the key challenges for the production of lipids via microbial cell mass is that these products are stored intracellularly and must be extracted and recovered efficiently and economically. Thus, improved methods of cell lysis and lipid extraction are needed. In this study, we examine lipid extraction from wet oleaginous yeast in combination with seven different cell lysis approaches encompassing both physical and chemical techniques (high-pressure homogenization, microwave and conventional thermal treatments, bead beating, acid, base, and enzymatic treatments) to facilitate lipid extraction from a model oleaginous yeast strain, Lipomyces starkeyi . Of the seven techniques investigated, acid treatment led to the highest lipid recovery yields. Further exploration of acid treatment and integration with an economic model revealed that treatment at 170 °C for 60 min at 1 wt % H 2 SO 4 and 8 wt % yeast solids represents a viable option for both lipid recovery yield and process economics, enabling experimental lipid recovery yields of 88.5–93.0% to be achieved at a corresponding estimated minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of $5.13–$5.61/gallon of gasoline equivalent (GGE). The same acid treatment conditions applied to two other strains of oleaginous yeast ( Cutaneotrichosporon curvatus and Rhodotorula toruloides ) resulted in similar lipid recovery yields. In pretreatment experiments scaled up to 300 mL, slightly lower temperatures or shorter pretreatment times, along with higher yeast solids loading, resulted in higher lipid yields than the conditions identified from the small-scale runs. Two replicate runs carried out at 170 °C for 30 min using 1 wt % H 2 SO 4 and 19 wt % yeast solids achieved an average lipid recovery of 96.1% at a corresponding estimated MFSP of $4.89/GGE. In all cases, the lipids are primarily triglycerides and free fatty acids comprised mainly of palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids, with smaller fractions of polar lipids. The fatty acid composition of the lipids extracted from the wet treated cell mass is the same as that in freeze-dried whole oleaginous yeast cell mass, suggesting the acid treatment renders all lipids extractable. This work demonstrates that acid treatment is a robust and effective cell lysis technique in a microbial lipid-based biofuel scenario and provides a baseline for further scale-up and process integration.
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All these cell wall lysis methods can be scaled up to industrial application.
“Moreover, all these methods can be scaled up to industrial application (32).”
From Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Single-Cell Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Converting microbial lipids to fuels is a promising approach to replace fossil fuels (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
Dilute acid pretreatment is an effective, low cost, energy efficient and scalable means to recover lipids from wet microbial biomass.
“Researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have shown that dilute acid pretreatment is an effective, low cost, energy efficient and scalable means to recover lipids from wet microbial biomass (31-34).”
From Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Single-Cell Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Converting microbial lipids to fuels is a promising approach to replace fossil fuels (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
Phosphoric acid is routinely used in algae oil degumming because it also reduces chlorophyll.
“Phosphoric acid is routinely used in algae oil degumming given the co-benefit of chlorophyll reduction (32, 54, 60).”
From Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Single-Cell Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Converting microbial lipids to fuels is a promising approach to replace fossil fuels (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
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Integrated diesel production from lignocellulosic sugars <i>via</i> oleaginous yeast
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- Authors
- Kruger, J. S., Cleveland, N. S., Yeap, R. Y., Dong, T., Ramirez, K. J., Nagle, N. J., Lowell, A. C., Beckham, G. T., McMillan, J. D., & Biddy, M. J.
- Affiliations
- National Laboratory of the Rockies (US)
- Corresponding author
- Biddy, Mary J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2018-01-24
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 2921-2931
- ISSN
- 2168-0485 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2785152141
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 0.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.osti.gov
- Locations
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC36-08GO28308)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Keywords
- oleaginous yeast, cell lysis, acid pretreatment, Lipomyces starkeyi, Rhodotorula toruloides, biodiesel feedstock, triglycerides, free fatty acids, fatty acid composition, process economics, minimum fuel selling price, high-pressure homogenization, microwave pretreatment
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