Harvesting carbohydrate-rich Arthrospira platensis by spontaneous settling
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The filamentous cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis is an attractive feedstock for carbohydrate-based biofuels because it accumulated up to 74% of carbohydrates when nitrogen stressed. Nitrogen stressed A. platensis also settled spontaneously, and this occurred simultaneously with carbohydrates accumulation, suggesting a link between both phenomena. The increased settling velocity was neither due to production of extracellular carbohydrates, nor due to degradation of gas vacuoles, but was caused by an increase in the specific density of the filaments as a result of accumulation of carbohydrates under the form of glycogen. Settling velocities of carbohydrate-rich A. platensis reached 0.64mh(-1), which allowed the biomass to be harvested using a lamella separator. The biomass could be concentrated at least 15 times, allowing removal of 94% of the water using gravity settling, thus offering a potential application as a low-cost and high-throughput method for primary dewatering of carbohydrate-rich A. platensis.
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Before nitrogen stress, control Spirulina culture carbohydrates were dominated by rhamnose (30.1%), glucose (30.9%), and galactose (21.4%); after nitrogen stress, glucose made up 83.2% of all sugars.
“In fact, before the nitrogen stress, the control culture carbohydrates were dominated by rhamnose (30.1%), glucose (30.9%), and galactose (21.4%), whereas within the nitrogen stressed cultures, the carbohydrate content shifted to the point that glucose made up 83.2% of all sugars [38].”
From Biologically-Based and Physiochemical Life Support and In Situ Resource Utilization for Exploration of the Solar System—Reviewing the Current State and Defining Future Development Needs (2021) · cites this paper as [38]
Section 3.2 reports the stated percentages for the control and nitrogen-stressed cultures. However, it compares cultures harvested after nine days; it does not describe the control measurements as being taken before nitrogen stress. Section 2.2 confirms that the control and stressed cultures were parallel treatments. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCarbohydrate-rich Spirulina demonstrates a higher specific density, leading to faster settling rates in an un-agitated tank, with a maximum rate of 0.64 m/h.
“Carbohydrate-rich Spirulina demonstrates a higher specific density which leads to faster settling rates of the culture in an un-agitated tank, the maximum rate being 0.64 m/h [38].”
From Biologically-Based and Physiochemical Life Support and In Situ Resource Utilization for Exploration of the Solar System—Reviewing the Current State and Defining Future Development Needs (2021) · cites this paper as [38]
Section 3.3 reports that nitrogen-stressed, carbohydrate-rich Arthrospira had higher specific density and settled faster than controls. Section 3.4 reports a maximum settling velocity of 0.64 ± 0.01 m/h, but that rate was measured in 1 L Imhoff cones, not an un-agitated tank. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOne square meter of a lamella separator can remove 94% of the water from 1 ha of open pond culture with only gravity.
“In fact, one square meter of a lamella separator is said to be able to remove 94% of the water from 1 ha of open pond culture with only gravity [38].”
Reducing nitrogen concentrations from 400 to 20 mg per liter in Spirulina increased carbohydrate content to 74 ± 3% without affecting total biomass yield.
“Studies on Spirulina showed that by reducing nitrogen concentrations from 400 to 20 mg per liter, carbohydrate content of the culture grew to 74 ± 3% without affecting the total biomass yield [38].”
In current open water cultures for mass production, there exists about 0.5 g of dry weight in every liter of culture when growing Spirulina.
“Estimates and experiments have shown that in the current open water cultures for mass production, there exists about 0.5 g of dry weight in every liter of culture when growing Spirulina.”
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Hering-Peter, C., Holm, N. C., & Schulz, R. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6327003/v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Biological oxygen production and air revitalization for habitats on the moon
Fahrion, J. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/953c68eezeeb8z4c3fz937az17c0f13c623f
Life cycle assessment (LCA) of microalgal biodiesel production
Tolis, R.-K., Sventzouri, E., Pispas, K., Μάνθος, Γ., Al-Tohamy, R., Ali, S. S., & Kornaros, M. E. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-29269-9.00020-4
From Pond to Plate: Tailored Functional Proteins for Next-Gen Microalgal Food
Zoehrer, J., Wang, X., Stopfer, A., Tarlabasi, P., Castells, C. B., Fernández, C. C., de Juan, P. R., Garbe, D., Brück, T., & Awad, D. (2026) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods15142428
- Authors
- Depraetere, O., Pierre, G., Deschoenmaeker, F., Badri, H., Foubert, I., Leys, N., Markou, G., Wattiez, R., Michaud, P., & Muylaert, K.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- University of Mons (BE)
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Depraetere, Orily
- Venue
- Bioresource Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 180
- Pages
- 16-21
- ISSN
- 0960-8524 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1986551651
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Bioresource Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- ORBi UMONS (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Innovation by Science and Technology
- Research Foundation Flanders
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
- Keywords
- Spirulina platensis, cyanobacteria, carbohydrate accumulation, glycogen, settling velocity, gravitational settling, nitrogen deficiency, biofuels, gas vacuoles, specific density
- MeSH terms
- Biotechnology, Glycogen, Nitrogen, Polysaccharides, Biomass, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Spirulina, Biofuels
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