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The Body Appreciation Scale-2: Item refinement and psychometric evaluation
Abstract
Considered a positive body image measure, the 13-item Body Appreciation Scale (BAS; Avalos, Tylka, & Wood-Barcalow, 2005) assesses individuals' acceptance of, favorable opinions toward, and respect for their bodies. While the BAS has accrued psychometric support, we improved it by rewording certain BAS items (to eliminate sex-specific versions and body dissatisfaction-based language) and developing additional items based on positive body image research. In three studies, we examined the reworded, newly developed, and retained items to determine their psychometric properties among college and online community (Amazon Mechanical Turk) samples of 820 women and 767 men. After exploratory factor analysis, we retained 10 items (five original BAS items). Confirmatory factor analysis upheld the BAS-2's unidimensionality and invariance across sex and sample type. Its internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct (convergent, incremental, and discriminant) validity were supported. The BAS-2 is a psychometrically sound positive body image measure applicable for research and clinical settings.
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“The impact is especially pronounced among teenagers and young adults who are more susceptible to social media influences and are at a critical developmental stage concerning self-identity and body image [7,8].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, N. L.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University at Marion (US)
- Center For Balanced Living (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tylka, Tracy L.
- ORCID
- Tylka, Tracy L.
- Venue
- Body Image
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-01
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 53-67
- ISSN
- 1740-1445 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1982155526
- Cited by
- 1,298
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 189 · 2025: 197 · 2024: 180 · 2023: 148 · 2022: 132 · 2021: 138 · 2020: 104 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 17
- FWCI
- 33.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Body Image (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- Body Appreciation Scale-2, positive body image, body acceptance, body appreciation, scale development, measurement invariance, sex differences, unidimensionality, construct validity, test-retest reliability, university students
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Body Image, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personal Satisfaction, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Young Adult
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