Antimicrobial Properties of Plant Essential Oils against Human Pathogens and Their Mode of Action: An Updated Review
Open accessAbstract
A wide range of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) have been explored for their essential oils in the past few decades. Essential oils are complex volatile compounds, synthesized naturally in different plant parts during the process of secondary metabolism. Essential oils have great potential in the field of biomedicine as they effectively destroy several bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. The presence of different types of aldehydes, phenolics, terpenes, and other antimicrobial compounds means that the essential oils are effective against a diverse range of pathogens. The reactivity of essential oil depends upon the nature, composition, and orientation of its functional groups. The aim of this article is to review the antimicrobial potential of essential oils secreted from MAPs and their possible mechanisms of action against human pathogens. This comprehensive review will benefit researchers who wish to explore the potential of essential oils in the development of novel broad‐spectrum key molecules against a broad range of drug‐resistant pathogenic microbes.
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Some properties of essential oils such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant have been verified in the recent scientific literature.
“Some of these properties of essential oils such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant have been verified in the recent scientific literature [14, 18–20].”
From Chemical Composition, Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oils of the Leaves and Fruit Pulp of <i>Annona muricata</i> L. (Soursop) from Ghana (2019) · cites this paper as [20]
Section 3.1 (page unavailable) reviews studies showing antimicrobial activity of essential oils. The copy does not substantiate anti-inflammatory activity; antioxidant activity appears in reference titles but is not discussed as a finding of this review. Thus this source supports only part of the cited sentence. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
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Ahmed, L. I., Ibrahim, N., Abdel-Salam, A. B., & Fahim, K. M. (2021) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101177 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Swamy, M. K., Akhtar, M. S., & Sinniah, U. R.
- Affiliations
- Universiti Putra Malaysia (MY)
- Corresponding author
- Swamy, Mallappa Kumara
- Akhtar, Mohd Sayeed
- Sinniah, Uma Rani
- Venue
- Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 2016
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3012462-3012462
- ISSN
- 1741-427X (ISSN-L)
- 1741-4288
- PMC
- PMC5206475
- OpenAlex
- W2560919346
- Cited by
- 949
- References
- 162
- Citations by year
- 2026: 69 · 2025: 89 · 2024: 112 · 2023: 108 · 2022: 132 · 2021: 166 · 2020: 123 · 2019: 71 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 22
- FWCI
- 5.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Antimicrobial agents and applications
- Keywords
- essential oils, antimicrobial activity, medicinal and aromatic plants, human pathogens, mechanism of action, pathogenic bacteria, fungal pathogens, viral pathogens, terpenes, phenolic compounds, aldehydes, drug-resistant bacteria, plant secondary metabolism
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