Drug-induced and genetic alterations in stress-responsive systems: implications for specific addictive diseases

The hypocretins: hypothalamus-specific peptides with neuroexcitatory activity

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A role for lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons in reward seeking

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Single-nucleotide polymorphism in the human mu opioid receptor gene alters β-endorphin binding and activity: Possible implications for opiate addiction

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Distribution of orexin receptor mRNA in the rat brain

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Stress dysregulation of drug reward pathways, and the transition to drug dependence

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Orexin A in the VTA Is Critical for the Induction of Synaptic Plasticity and Behavioral Sensitization to Cocaine

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Drug dependence: stress and dysregulation of brain reward pathways

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A Functional Polymorphism of the μ-Opioid Receptor Gene is Associated with Naltrexone Response in Alcohol-Dependent Patients

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Stress-Induced Cocaine Craving and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Responses Are Predictive of Cocaine Relapse Outcomes

Sinha, R., Garcia, M., Paliwal, P., Kreek, M. J., & Rounsaville, B. J. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.3.324 · Cited by 528 · see citing works

Role for hypocretin in mediating stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior

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Direct Involvement of Orexinergic Systems in the Activation of the Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway and Related Behaviors Induced by Morphine

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Naltrexone decreases craving and alcohol self-administration in alcohol-dependent subjects and activates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis

O’Malley, S. S., Krishnan‐Sarin, S., Farren, C. K., Sinha, R., & Kreek, M. J. (2002) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130100919 · Cited by 492 · see citing works

Anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of the non-peptide vasopressin V _1b receptor antagonist, SSR149415, suggest an innovative approach for the treatment of stress-related disorders

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An Evaluation of μ-Opioid Receptor (OPRM1) as a Predictor of Naltrexone Response in the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence: Results From the Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol Dependence (COMBINE) Study

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Orexin (Hypocretin) Neurons Contain Dynorphin

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Pharmacogenetics and Human Molecular Genetics of Opiate and Cocaine Addictions and Their Treatments

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Dynorphin and the pathophysiology of drug addiction

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Involvement of the lateral hypothalamic peptide orexin in morphine dependence and withdrawal

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Pharmacotherapy of addictions

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Obesity Due to Proopiomelanocortin Deficiency: Three New Cases and Treatment Trials with Thyroid Hormone and ACTH4–10

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Prepro-Orexin and Orexin Receptor mRNAs Are Differentially Expressed in Peripheral Tissues of Male and Female Rats

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Narcotic Blockade

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A missense mutation disrupting a dibasic prohormone processing site in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) increases susceptibility to early-onset obesity through a novel molecular mechanism

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Increased mu opioid receptor binding detected by PET in cocaine–dependent men is associated with cocaine craving

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μ opioid receptor gene variants: lack of association with alcohol dependence

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Alterations in Central Neuropeptide Expression, Release, and Receptor Binding in Rats Bred for High Anxiety: Critical Role of Vasopressin

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Methadone‐Related Opioid Agonist Pharmacotherapy for Heroin Addiction: History, Recent Molecular and Neurochemical Research and Future in Mainstream Medicine

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Medical safety and side effects of methadone in tolerant individuals

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The Mu-Opioid Receptor Gene Polymorphism (A118G) Alters HPA Axis Activation Induced by Opioid Receptor Blockade

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MRAP and MRAP2 are bidirectional regulators of the melanocortin receptor family

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A POMC variant implicates β-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the control of human energy balance

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Heterozygosity for a POMC-Null Mutation and Increased Obesity Risk in Humans

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Repeated cocaine administration upregulates K and μ, but not δ, opioid receptors

Unterwald, E. M., Rubenfeld, J. M., & Kreek, M. J. (1994) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199408150-00018 · Cited by 230 · see citing works

Increased Attributable Risk Related to a Functional μ-Opioid Receptor Gene Polymorphism in Association with Alcohol Dependence in Central Sweden

Bart, G. B., Kreek, M. J., Ott, J., LaForge, K. S., Proudnikov, D., Pollak, L., & Heilig, M. A. (2004) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300598 · Cited by 220 · see citing works

ACTH receptor, CYP11A1, CYP17 and CYP21A2 genes are expressed in skin.

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The single nucleotide polymorphism A118G alters functional properties of the human mu opioid receptor

Kroslak, T., LaForge, K. S., Gianotti, R. J., Ho, A., Nielsen, D. A., & Kreek, M. J. (2007) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04738.x · Cited by 213 · see citing works

‘Binge’ cocaine administration induces a sustained increase of prodynorphin mRNA in rat caudate-putamen

Spangler, R., Unterwald, E. M., & Kreek, M. J. (1993) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0169-328x(93)90133-a · Cited by 210 · see citing works

Treatment of opioid-induced constipation with oral naloxone: A pilot study

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Genetic susceptibility to heroin addiction: a candidate gene association study

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The Vulnerability of the Hippocampus to Protective and Destructive Effects of Glucocorticoids in Relation to Stress

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Variation at the mu-opioid receptor gene ( <i>OPRM1</i> ) influences attachment behavior in infant primates

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A role for β-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in human body-weight regulation

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Hereditary isolated glucocorticoid deficiency is associated with abnormalities of the adrenocorticotropin receptor gene

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Substantial attributable risk related to a functional mu-opioid receptor gene polymorphism in association with heroin addiction in central Sweden

Bart, G. B., Heilig, M. A., LaForge, K. S., Pollak, L., Leal, S. M., Ott, J., & Kreek, M. J. (2004) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001504 · Cited by 177 · see citing works

Narcotics and the hypothalamus

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Mouse model of OPRM1 (A118G) polymorphism has sex-specific effects on drug-mediated behavior

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Imaging brain mu-opioid receptors in abstinent cocaine users: time course and relation to cocaine craving.

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Proopiomelanocortin-Derived Peptides

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Opioid receptor and peptide gene polymorphisms: potential implications for addictions

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Methadone Versus Buprenorphine With Contingency Management or Performance Feedback for Cocaine and Opioid Dependence

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Association between the cortisol response to opioid blockade and the Asn40Asp polymorphism at the μ‐opioid receptor locus (OPRM1)

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MEDICAL COMPLICATIONS IN METHADONE PATIENTS*

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The Mu-Opioid Receptor Polymorphism A118G Predicts Cortisol Responses to Naloxone and Stress

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Corticotropin-releasing factor and type 1 corticotropin-releasing factor receptor messenger RNAs in rat brain and pituitary during "binge"-pattern cocaine administration and chronic withdrawal.

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NALOXONE, A SPECIFIC OPIOID ANTAGONIST, REVERSES CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC CONSTIPATION

Kreek, M.-J., Hahn, E. F., Schaefer, R., & Fishman, J. (1983) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(83)91684-7 · Cited by 133 · see citing works

Mu opioid receptor and orexin/hypocretin mRNA levels in the lateral hypothalamus and striatum are enhanced by morphine withdrawal

Zhou, Y., Bendor, J., Hofmann, L., Randesi, M., Ho, A., & Kreek, M. J. (2006) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.1.06960 · Cited by 130 · see citing works

Opiates, opioids and addiction.

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Choice between Heroin and Food in Nondependent and Heroin-Dependent Rhesus Monkeys: Effects of Naloxone, Buprenorphine, and Methadone

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Complete nucleotide sequence of the human corticotropin-β-lipotropin precursor gene

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Monoamine mediation of cocaine-induced hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal activation.

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Effect of the endogenous ? opioid agonist dynorphin A(1?17) on cocaine-evoked increases in striatal dopamine levels and cocaine-induced place preference in C57BL/6J mice

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Advances in Endogenous and Exogenous Opioids

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Buprenorphine versus methadone in the treatment of opioid-dependent cocaine users

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Heroin addiction in African Americans: a hypothesis‐driven association study

Levran, O., Londoño, D., O’Hara, K., Randesi, M., Rotrosen, J., Casadonte, P. P., Linzy, S., Ott, J., Adelson, M., & Kreek, M. J. (2009) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2009.00501.x · Cited by 107 · see citing works

A mu-opioid receptor single nucleotide polymorphism in rhesus monkey: association with stress response and aggression

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Effects of specific mu and kappa opiate tolerance and abstinence on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis secretion in the rat.

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Genotype patterns that contribute to increased risk for or protection from developing heroin addiction

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Short-term hormonal effects of naloxone in man.

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Chronic administration of a cocaine "binge" alters basal extracellular levels in male rats: an in vivo microdialysis study.

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Narcotic blockade.

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ACTH, cortisol and β-endorphin response to metyrapone testing during chronic methadone maintenance treatment in humans

Kreek, M., Ragunath, J., Plevy, S., Hamer, D., Schneider, B., & Hartman, N. (1984) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/0143-4179(84)90081-7 · Cited by 97 · see citing works

Estrous cycle differences in cocaine-induced stereotypic and locomotor behaviors in Fischer rats

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Mu opioid receptor knockdown in the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area by synthetic small interfering RNA blocks the rewarding and locomotor effects of heroin

Zhang, Y., Landthaler, M., Schlussman, S. D., Yuferov, V. P., Ho, A., Tuschl, T., & Kreek, M. J. (2008) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.09.039 · Cited by 95 · see citing works

Unexpected Endocrine Features and Normal Pigmentation in a Young Adult Patient Carrying a Novel Homozygous Mutation in the POMC Gene

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Nalmefene Causes Greater Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenal Axis Activation than Naloxone in Normal Volunteers: Implications for the Treatment of Alcoholism

Schluger, J. H., Ho, A., Borg, L., Porter, M., Maniar, S., Gunduz, M., Perret, G., King, A. C., & Kreek, M. J. (1998) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03931.x · Cited by 93 · see citing works

Circadian rhythms and levels of β-endorphin, acth, and cortisol during chronic methadone maintenance treatment in humans

Kreek, M. J., Wardlaw, S. L., Hartman, N., Raghunath, J., Friedman, J., Schneider, B., & Frantz, A. G. (1983) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(83)90529-5 · Cited by 92 · see citing works

Involvement of arginine vasopressin and V1b receptor in heroin withdrawal and heroin seeking precipitated by stress and by heroin

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Altered HPA Axis Responsivity to Metyrapone Testing in Methadone Maintained Former Heroin Addicts with Ongoing Cocaine Addiction

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Opioid receptors: Some perspectives from early studies of their role in normal physiology, stress responsivity, and in specific addictive diseases

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Opiate and Cocaine Addictions: Challenge for Pharmacotherapies

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The human µ opioid receptor gene: 5´ regulatory and intronic sequences

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Effect of Chronic Cocaine Treatment on μ‐ and δ‐Opioid Receptor mRNA Levels in Dopaminergically Innervated Brain Regions

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Effects of morphine treatment on pro-opiomelanocortin systems in rat brain

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Association Between Common Polymorphisms of the Proopiomelanocortin Gene and Body Fat Distribution

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