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Oxysterols decrease apical-to-basolateral transport of Aß peptides via an ABCB1-mediated process in an in vitro Blood-brain barrier model constituted of bovine brain capillary endothelial cells
Abstract
It is known that activation of the liver X receptors (LXRs) by natural or synthetic agonists decreases the amyloid burden and enhances cognitive function in transgenic murine models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent evidence suggests that LXR activation may affect the transport of amyloid ß (Aß) peptides across the blood-brain barrier (the BBB, which isolates the brain from the peripheral circulation). By using a well-characterized in vitro BBB model, we demonstrated that LXR agonists (24S-hydroxycholesterol, 27-hydroxycholesterol and T0901317) modulated the expression of target genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis (such as ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1 (ABCA1)) and promoted cellular cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein A-I and high density lipoproteins. Interestingly, we also observed a decrease in Aß peptide influx across brain capillary endothelial cells, although ABCA1 did not appear to be directly involved in this process. By focusing on others receptors and transporters that are thought to have major roles in Aß peptide entry into the brain, we then demonstrated that LXR stimulation provoked an increase in expression of the ABCB1 transporter (also named P-glycoprotein (P-gp)). Further investigations confirmed ABCB1's involvement in the restriction of Aß peptide influx. Taken as a whole, our results not only reinforce the BBB's key role in cerebral cholesterol homeostasis but also demonstrate the importance of the LXR/ABCB1 axis in Aß peptide influx-h…
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ABCA1 is the major protagonist in the exchange of cholesterol between the brain and the blood.
“We and others have demonstrated in vivo, in situ, and in vitro that ABCA1 is the major protagonist in the exchange of cholesterol between the brain and the blood [29][30][31].”
The human BBB is involved in cholesterol homeostasis in the brain and the periphery.
“Taken as a whole, these data strongly reinforce the hypothesis whereby the human BBB is involved in cholesterol homeostasis in the brain and the periphery [29,31,42,62].”
ABCA1 is expressed by brain microvessel ECs from animals.
“It has previously been reported that ABCA1 is expressed by brain microvessel ECs from animals [29,30,57].”
RAGE and ABCB1 play a role in the re-entry of Aβ peptides into the CNS.
“Given that we have previously characterized the role of RAGE and ABCB1 in the re-entry of A peptides into the CNS [29,34,42]”
Citations
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Pericytes are required for blood–brain barrier integrity during embryogenesis
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“Furthermore, overexpression of Abca1 decreases the amyloid burden (Wahrle et al., 2008), whereas Abca1 deletion promotes the AD phenotype (Fitz et al., 2012; HirschReinshagen et al., 2005; Koldamova et al., 2005a; Wahrle et al., 2005).”
BackgroundLack of ABCA1 Considerably Decreases Brain ApoE Level and Increases Amyloid Deposition in APP23 Mice
Koldamova, R., Staufenbiel, M., & Lefterov, I. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m504513200 · Cited by 350
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Metadata
- Authors
- Saint-Pol, J., Candela, P., Boucau, M.-C., Fenart, L., & Gosselet, F.
- Venue
- Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-06
- Volume
- 1517
- Pages
- 1-15
- ISSN
- 0006-8993
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 11
- Language
- en
- Funders
- Coeur & Artères foundation (06T6)
- LECMA (09752)
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