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Cited by 503Extracellular vesicles in diseaseBarrier Structure and Function StudiesNanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery

Targeting and Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier with Extracellular Vesicles

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Saint-Pol, Julien, Gosselet, Fabien, Duban-Deweer, Sophie, Pottiez, Gwënaël, Karamanos, Yannis·2020·Cells
DOI 10.3390/cells9040851PMC PMC7226770
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Abstract

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is one of the most complex and selective barriers in the human organism. Its role is to protect the brain and preserve the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). The central elements of this physical and physiological barrier are the endothelial cells that form a monolayer of tightly joined cells covering the brain capillaries. However, as endothelial cells regulate nutrient delivery and waste product elimination, they are very sensitive to signals sent by surrounding cells and their environment. Indeed, the neuro-vascular unit (NVU) that corresponds to the assembly of extracellular matrix, pericytes, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia and neurons have the ability to influence BBB physiology. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a central role in terms of communication between cells. The NVU is no exception, as each cell can produce EVs that could help in the communication between cells in short or long distances. Studies have shown that EVs are able to cross the BBB from the brain to the bloodstream as well as from the blood to the CNS. Furthermore, peripheral EVs can interact with the BBB leading to changes in the barrier’s properties. This review focuses on current knowledge and potential applications regarding EVs associated with the BBB.

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  • Soft nanoparticles such as nanoliposomes or exosomes represent one of the most effective drug delivery processes to protect therapeutic agents and deliver them to target tissues.

    “Soft NP, such as nanoliposomes (NL) or exosomes, represent one of the most effective drug delivery processes to be able to protect therapeutic agents and deliver them to the target tissues [32,33].”

    From Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment Strategies and Their Limitations. (2022) · cites this paper as [33]

    The Introduction says lipid-based nanoparticles can enclose and protect therapeutic compounds and be designed to target the brain. Section 4 describes exosomes delivering therapeutic cargo to the brain. The paper does not establish that nanoliposomes and exosomes are among the most effective delivery methods, or address delivery to target tissues generally. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Nanoliposomes and exosomes are promising smart drug delivery systems able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and target brain tissues.

    “Studies show the promising role of nanoliposomes and exosomes as smart drug delivery systems able to penetrate the blood–brain barrier and target brain tissues.”

    From Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment Strategies and Their Limitations. (2022) · cites this paper as [33]

    Section 4, “EVs as Therapeutic Means,” says exosomes can cross the blood–brain barrier and describes their use to deliver therapeutics to the brain. The Introduction discusses lipid-based nanoparticles for brain targeting, but our copy does not specifically identify nanoliposomes or establish the claim for them. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Soft nanoparticles, such as liposomes and exosomes, are nanovesicles able to deliver drugs and genes across the BBB.

    “Soft nanoparticles, such as liposomes and exosomes, are nanovesicles that are able to deliver drugs and genes across the BBB (Figure 3) [33,37].”

    From Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment Strategies and Their Limitations. (2022) · cites this paper as [33]

    Section 4, “EVs as Therapeutic Means” (page unavailable), says exosomes can cross the BBB and reports exosome delivery of siRNA to mouse brains. The Introduction also describes lipid-based nanoparticles as vehicles for crossing the BBB. Our copy does not specifically identify liposomes as such vehicles, so it does not fully support the claim about both liposomes and exosomes. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • EVs have inherent targeting capabilities and can cross the BBB, facilitating efficient delivery of therapeutic cargo to the CNS.

    “In addition, EVs have inherent targeting capabilities and can cross the BBB, facilitating efficient delivery of therapeutic cargo to the CNS [54–57].”

    From Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions (2024) · cites this paper as [55]

  • Brain-derived EVs have the ability to penetrate the BBB and be released into peripheral circulation.

    “Brain-derived EVs have been found to harbor the ability to penetrate the BBB. This breakdown is crucial as it potentially allows for releasing these EVs into peripheral circulation [54–57].”

    From Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions (2024) · cites this paper as [55]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Saint-Pol, J., Gosselet, F., Duban-Deweer, S., Pottiez, G., & Karamanos, Y.
Affiliations
  • Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, University Artois, F-62300 Lens, France
  • Université d'Artois (FR)
  • Caprion (Canada) (CA)
ORCID
Venue
Cells
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-04-01
Volume
9
Issue
4
Pages
851
ISSN
2073-4409 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/cells9040851
PMC
PMC7226770
OpenAlex
W3014418260
Cited by
503
References
12
Citations by year
2026: 44 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 109 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 99 · 2021: 80 · 2020: 17
FWCI
6.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Cells (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
Keywords
blood-brain barrier, extracellular vesicles, neurovascular unit, blood-brain barrier permeability, endothelial cells, intercellular communication, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, extracellular matrix
MeSH terms
Extracellular Vesicles, Animals, Biological Transport, Blood-Brain Barrier, Humans, Models, Biological

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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