The impact of facial emotional expressions on behavioral tendencies in women and men
Open accessAbstract
Emotional faces communicate both the emotional state and behavioral intentions of an individual. They also activate behavioral tendencies in the perceiver, namely approach or avoidance. Here, we compared more automatic motor to more conscious rating responses to happy, sad, angry, and disgusted faces in a healthy student sample. Happiness was associated with approach and anger with avoidance. However, behavioral tendencies in response to sadness and disgust were more complex. Sadness produced automatic approach but conscious withdrawal, probably influenced by interpersonal relations or personality. Disgust elicited withdrawal in the rating task, whereas no significant tendency emerged in the joystick task, probably driven by expression style. Based on our results, it is highly relevant to further explore actual reactions to emotional expressions and to differentiate between automatic and controlled processes because emotional faces are used in various kinds of studies. Moreover, our results highlight the importance of gender of poser effects when applying emotional expressions as stimuli.
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Faces depicting disgust elicit relatively complex motor responses (i.e., conscious avoidance but no automatic approach/avoidance).
“faces depicting disgust elicit relatively complex motor responses (i.e., conscious avoidance but no automatic approach/avoidance [33]).”
From A direct examination of the effect of intranasal administration of oxytocin on approach-avoidance motor responses to emotional stimuli (2013) · cites this paper as [33]
Approach-avoidance responses to facial depictions of disgust are complex, such that individuals show conscious (self-reported) avoidance of disgust but do not show automatic (motor) avoidance in an approach-avoidance task.
“Approach-avoidance responses to facial depictions of disgust are complex, suggesting that while individuals show conscious (self-reported) avoidance of disgust they do not show automatic (motor) avoidance in an approach-avoidance task [33].”
From A direct examination of the effect of intranasal administration of oxytocin on approach-avoidance motor responses to emotional stimuli (2013) · cites this paper as [33]
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- Authors
- Seidel, E.-M., Habel, U., Kirschner, M., Gur, R. C., & Derntl, B.
- Affiliations
- RWTH Aachen University (DE)
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (DE)
- University of Vienna (AT)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 500-507
- ISSN
- 0096-1523 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1277
- PMC
- PMC2852199
- OpenAlex
- W1991142926
- Cited by
- 197
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 5.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- RWTH Aachen University (690811)
- German Research Foundation (DFG) (KFO 112)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 60722)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- emotional facial expressions, approach-avoidance tendencies, gender differences, happiness, sadness, anger, disgust, emotion ratings, expression style
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anger, Avoidance Learning, Emotions, Escape Reaction, Facial Expression, Female, Happiness, Humans, Male, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Sex Factors, Young Adult
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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