Implementation of outpatient schema therapy for borderline personality disorder with versus without crisis support by the therapist outside office hours: A randomized trial
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the success of implementing outpatient schema focused therapy (ST) for borderline patients in regular mental healthcare and to determine the added value of therapist telephone availability outside office hours in case of crisis (TTA).Methods To enhance the implementation, the following adaptations regarding the original ST protocol were applied: a reduction in the frequency and duration of the therapy; training therapists of eight regular healthcare centers in ST with a structured and piloted program supported by a set of films (DVDs) with examples of ST techniques; training and supervision given by Dutch experts. Telephone availability outside office hours was randomly allocated to 50% of the therapists of each treatment center. Patient's outcome measures were assessed with a semi-structured interview and self-report measures on BPD, quality of life, general psychopathology and an ST questionnaire, before, during and after treatment.Results Data on 62 DSM-IV defined BPD patients were available. Intention-to-treat analyses showed that after 1.5 years of ST 42% of the patients had recovered from BPD. No added value of therapist telephone availability (TTA) was found on the BPDSI score nor on any other measure after 1.5 years of ST.Conclusions ST for BPD can be successfully implemented in regular mental healthcare. Treatment results and dropout were comparable to a previous clinical trail. No additional effect of extra crisis support with TTA outside office hours ST was found.
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Most published RCTs investigating ST treatments thus far comprise 50 or more sessions covering time spans of more than one year.
“Most published RCTs investigating ST treatments thus far comprise 50 or more sessions covering time spans of more than one year [19, 81, 87].”
Several studies have shown that treatment based on the ST model is very effective for patients with BPD, but also for other personality disorders.
“Several studies have shown that treatment based on that model is very effective for patients with BPD (Giesen-Bloo et al., 2006; Farrell et al., 2009; Nadort et al., 2009; Dickhaut and Arntz, 2013), but also for other PDs (Bamelis et al., 2013).”
From Emotion regulation in schema therapy and dialectical behavior therapy. (2016) · cites this paper as Nadort et al., 2009
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Self-citationNon-response to psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder: A systematic review
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Renner, F., van Goor, M., Huibers, M. J. H., Arntz, A. R., Butz, B., & Bernstein, D. P. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.05.011 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“5 years of individual ST for borderline personality disorder (Nadort et al., 2009).”
BackgroundSelf-citationBartak, A., Andrea, H., Spreeuwenberg, M. D., Ziegler, U. M., Dekker, J., Rossum, B. V., Hamers, E. F. M., Scholte, W. R., Aerts, J., Busschbach, J. J. V., et al. (2010) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000321999 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Pietrzak, R. H., Goldstein, R. B., Southwick, S. M., & Grant, B. F. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.09.013 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Wetzelaer, P., Farrell, J. M., Evers, S. M. A. A., Jacob, G. A., Lee, C. W., Brand, O., van Breukelen, G. V., Fassbinder, E., Fretwell, H., Harper, R., et al. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-014-0319-3 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“It was found that ST could be transported out of the clinical trial to use in the regular Dutch healthcare setting with no loss of clinical effectiveness [18].”
Self-citationDialectical behavior therapy and domains of functioning over two years
Wilks, C. R., Korslund, K., Harned, M., & Linehan, M. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.013 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“…2011; Skodal et al., 2002, 2005; Stepp et al., 2011), and in the context of clinical trials (e.g. Bateman & Fonagy, 2008; Bohus et al., 2004; Linehan, Tutek, Heard, & Armstrong, 1994; Linehan et al., 1999; McMain et al., 2012; Nadort et al., 2009), predictors of functioning have yet to be explored.”
BackgroundSchema therapy for emotional dysregulation in personality disorders
Dadomo, H., Panzeri, M., Caponcello, D., Carmelita, A., & Grecucci, A. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000380 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Bruysters, N. Y. F., & Pilkington, P. D. (2022) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2776 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Maladaptive schemas are found to be related to anxiety disorders, eating disorders and personality disorders (Carter et al., 2013; Nadort et al., 2009; Pugh, 2015).”
Schema therapy for borderline personality disorder: A qualitative study of patients’ perceptions
Tan, Y. M., Lee, C. W., Averbeck, L. E., Wilde, O. B.-D., Farrell, J. M., Faßbinder, E., Jacob, G. A., Martius, D., Wastiaux, S., Zarbock, G., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206039 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationChakhssi, F., Bernstein, D. P., & de Ruiter, C. (2012) · Legal and Criminological Psychology · doi:10.1111/lcrp.12002 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“…as susceptible to change, cognitive schemas have proven to be modifiable in a broad range of mental disorders, including externalizing disorders such as substance abuse and borderline personality disorder (e.g., Ball, 2007; Farrell, Shaw,&Webber, 2009; Giesen-Bloo et al., 2006;Nadort et al., 2009).”
BackgroundResultSchema therapy for Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): rationale and study protocol
Huntjens, R. J. C., Rijkeboer, M. M., & Arntz, A. R. (2019) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2019.1571377 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“…treat-ment conditions, in schema therapy relatively low drop-out rates were found for BPD (less than 10% in the first year of treatment) (Farrell, Shaw, & Webber, 2009; Giesen-Bloo et al., 2006; Nadort et al., 2009) and for other personality disorders (Bamelis, Evers, Spinhoven, & Arntz, 2014).”
Self-citationYakın, D., Grasman, R., & Arntz, A. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103553 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“This led to the recognition of ST as an evidence-based treatment for borderline PD and increased research interest in the clinical effectiveness of ST in other populations (Bamelis, Evers, Spinhoven, & Arntz, 2014; Bernstein et al., 2012; Farrell, Shaw, & Webber, 2009; Nadort et al., 2009).”
Self-citationSchema Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder
Nadort, M. (2010) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(10)70164-4 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationSchaap, G. M., Chakhssi, F., & Westerhof, G. J. (2016) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/pst0000056 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Reliability and Validity of the German Version of the Schema Mode Inventory
Reiß, N., Dominiak, P., Harris, D., Knörnschild, C., Schouten, E. G. W., & Jacob, G. A. (2011) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000110 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Similar effectiveness of ST in BPD was demonstrated when applied in a general healthcare setting and in a group format (Farrell, Shaw, & Webber, 2009; Nadort et al., 2009).”
Baljé, A., Greeven, A., van Giezen, A., Korrelboom, K., Arntz, A., & Spinhoven, P. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1605-9 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Most published RCTs investigating ST treatments thus far comprise 50 or more sessions covering time spans of more than one year [19, 81, 87].”
Self-citationThe efficacy of schema therapy for personality disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhang, K., Hu, X., Ma, L., Xie, Q., Wang, Z., Fan, C. G., & Li, X. (2023) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2023.2228304 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Schema Therapy in Historical Perspective
Edwards, D. J. A., & Arntz, A. R. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119962830.ch1 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationde Klerk, N., Abma, T., Bamelis, L. L. M., & Arntz, A. R. (2016) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465816000357 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“However, the other treatment condition in the study by Nadort et al. (2009) allowed for telephone contact during office hours, and this might be enough for most patients.”
InfluentialSelf-citationSystematic review of the clinical effectiveness of schema therapy
Bakos, D. S., Gallo, A. E., & Wainer, R. (2015) · Contemporary Behavioral Health Care · doi:10.15761/cbhc.1000104 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Research on personality disorders other than BPD is still scarce and, when available, often evaluates more than one disorder, making it difficult to identify differences due to sample size.”
InfluentialFassbinder, E., Schuetze, M., Kranich, A., Sipos, V., Hohagen, F., Shaw, I. A., Farrell, J. M., Arntz, A., & Schweiger, U. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01851 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“…found to differ people with BPD from people without BPD; our inclusion criterion of > 20 has been used in several studies (Giesen-Bloo et al., 2006a; Nadort et al., 2009; Dickhaut and Arntz, 2013), as it reliable distinguished BPD from non-BPD PDs, and indicates a severe BPD in need of treatment.”
InfluentialSelf-citationvan Leeuwen, H., Sinnaeve, R., Witteveen, U., Daele, T. V., Ossewaarde, L., Egger, J. I. M., & van den Bosch, L. M. C. (2021) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-021-00165-7 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“[86] examined the acceptance and feasibility of the computer program MORPHEUS, as a part of a Dialectical Behavior Therapy Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (DBT-PTSD) residential treatment, that allows computer-assisted in sensu exposure and exercise in self-management during the treatment of PTSD.”
MethodFassbinder, E., Assmann, N., Schaich, A., Heinecke, K., Wagner, T., Sipos, V., Jauch-Chara, K., Hüppe, M., Arntz, A., & Schweiger, U. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1905-6 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationBamelis, L. L., Evers, S. M., & Arntz, A. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-75 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Given the strong positive effect of ST on treatment retention found in earlier studies [37-39], dropout is analyzed with both multilevel logistic regression and survival analysis (to account for development over time).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationPositive schemas in schema therapy with older adults: clinical implications and research suggestions
Videler, A. C., Royen, R. J. J. V., Legra, M. J. H., & Ouwens, M. A. (2020) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465820000077 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Several studies have shown the effectiveness of schema therapy, mainly for adult patients with borderline personality disorder (Dickhaut and Arntz, 2014; Giesen-Bloo et al., 2006; Farrell et al., 2009; Nadort et al., 2009), but also as a treatment of other personality disorders (Bamelis et al.”
BackgroundAssmann, N., Schaich, A., Arntz, A. R., Wagner, T., Herzog, P., Alvarez‐Fischer, D., Sipos, V., Jauch‐Chara, K., Klein, J. P., Hüppe, M., et al. (2024) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000538404 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationLeppänen, V., Hakko, H. H., Sintonen, H., & Lindeman, S. M. (2015) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-015-9866-4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Schema-focused psychotherapy (SFT, later schema therapy, ST) has been reported to significantly reduce all BPD symptoms and general psycho-pathological dysfunction and to improve quality of life (J. Giesen-Bloo et al. 2006; Jacob and Arntz 2013; Nadort et al. 2009; Sempértegui et al. 2013).”
BackgroundHeilemann, M. V., Pieters, H. C., Kehoe, P., & Yang, Q. (2011) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.05.001 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Schema Therapy in Adolescents with Disruptive Behavior Disorders
van Wijk‐Herbrink, M. F., Broers, N. J., Roelofs, J., & Bernstein, D. P. (2017) · International Journal of Forensic Mental Health · doi:10.1080/14999013.2017.1352053 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“…has proven to be a clinically effective and cost-effective treatment for adult outpatients with Borderline PD (Asselt et al., 2008; Farrell, Shaw, & Webber, 2009; Giesen-Bloo et al., 2006; Nadort et al., 2009) and Cluster C, Narcissistic, and Paranoid PDs (Bamelis, Evers, Spinhoven, & Arntz, 2014).”
BackgroundExamining challenging behaviors of clients with borderline personality disorder
Chalker, S. A., Carmel, A., Atkins, D. C., Landes, S. J., Kerbrat, A. H., & Comtois, K. A. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.10.003 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“…to be effective in the treatment of clients with BPD, like Schema-Focused Therapy (Giesen-Bloo et al., 2006), have found out-of-session contacts to be a taxing component (Giesen-Bloo et al., 2006; Nadort et al., 2009a) and show no added benefit to therapy outcomes (Nadort et al., 2009a, 2009b).”
Group-Schematherapy for Adolescents: Results from a Naturalistic Multiple Case Study
Roelofs, J., Muris, P., van Wesemael, D., Broers, N. J., Shaw, I. A., & Farrell, J. M. (2016) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-016-0391-z · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“A number of previous studies support the effectiveness of ST, either provided in a group or an individual format, for treating PD’s in adults (Reiss et al. 2014; Bamelis et al. 2013; Farrell et al. 2009; Giesen-Bloo et al. 2006; Hoffart et al. 2002; Nadort et al. 2009; Nordahl and Nysaeter 2005; van Vreeswijk et al. 2…”
BackgroundResultShanley, D. C., Hawkins, E., Page, M., Shelton, D., Liu, W., Webster, H. H. J., Moritz, K. M., Barry, L. A., Ziviani, J. M., Morrissey, S. A., et al. (2019) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-019-4378-5 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Link between early maladaptive schemas and defense mechanisms
Walburg, V., & Chiaramello, S. (2015) · European Review of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.erap.2015.07.003 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Saggino, A., Balsamo, M., Carlucci, L., Cavalletti, V., Sergi, M. R., Fermo, G. D., Dèttore, D., Marsigli, N., Petruccelli, I., Pizzo, S., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00312 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Several studies showed that ST is an evidence-based treatment for personality disorders (e.g., Giesen-Bloo et al., 2006; Gude and Hoffart, 2008; Farrell et al., 2009; Nadort et al., 2009; Sempertegui et al., 2013; Bamelis et al., 2014), as well as for anxiety and depressive disorders (Balsamo, 2010, 2013; Renner et al.”
BackgroundNadort, M., van Dyck, R., Smit, J. H., Giesen-Bloo, J. H., Eikelenboom, M., Wensing, M., Spinhoven, P., Dirksen, C. D., Bleecke, J., Milligen, B. A. L.-V., et al. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.07.004 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationFaßbinder, E., Hauer, A., Schaich, A., Schweiger, U., Jacob, G. A., & Arntz, A. R. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22204 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“…to be highly effective with a treatment frequency of two face-to-face sessions per week, which may be delivered individually (Giesen-Bloo et al., 2006; Nadort et al., 2009), or in a combination of individual and group treatment (Dickhaut & Arntz, 2013) for a treatment length of 1.5 years or longer.”
InfluentialSelf-citationLedden, S., Rains, L. S., Schlief, M., Barnett, P., Ching, B. C. F., Hallam, B., Günak, M. M., Steare, T., Parker, J., Labovitch, S., et al. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04171-z · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Neacsiu, A. D., Eberle, J. W., Keng, S., Fang, C. M., & Rosenthal, M. Z. (2017) · Current Psychiatry Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573400513666170612122034 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Working with modes in schema therapy.
Rafaeli, E., Maurer, O., & Thoma, N. C. (2015) · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Brazão, N., da Motta, C., Rijo, D., & Pinto‐Gouveia, J. (2015) · Análise Psicológica · doi:10.14417/ap.975 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“The developments in effective therapies for Personality Disorders (Bernstein, Arntz, & Vos, 2007; Farrell, Shaw, & Webber, 2009; Nadort et al., 2009; van Asselt et al., 2008) suggest that psychotherapeutic interventions reducing factors underlying antisocial behavior should be a key area of investment when dealing wit…”
Koppers, D., Van, H. L., Peen, J., & Dekker, J. (2020) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2020.1852482 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Studies of the effectiveness of schema therapy have described clear results for borderline personality disorders (Giesen-Bloo et al., 2006; Nadort et al., 2009) and promising results for samples of personality disorders (PD), mainly in cluster C (Bamelis et al., 2014).”
BackgroundBaljé, A. E., Greeven, A., Deen, M., van Giezen, A. E., Arntz, A., & Spinhoven, P. (2024) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102860 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“ST has proven efficacious for BPD (Arntz et al., 2022; Farrell et al., 2009; Giesen-Bloo et al., 2006; Masley et al., 2012; Nadort et al., 2009).”
Self-citationSchema Modes and Personality Disorder Symptoms in Alcohol-Dependent and Cocaine-Dependent Patients
Boog, M., van Hest, K. M., Drescher, T., Verschuur, M., & Franken, I. (2018) · European Addiction Research · doi:10.1159/000493644 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Positive Perceptions of Parenting and their Links to Theorized Core Emotional Needs
Louis, J. P., Davidson, A. T., Lockwood, G., & Wood, A. M. (2020) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-020-01807-0 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Group schema therapy for cluster‐C personality disorders: A multicentre open pilot study
Wibbelink, C. J. M., Venhuizen, A. S. M., Grasman, R. P. P. P., Bachrach, N., van den Hengel, C., Hudepohl, S., Kunst, L. E., de Lange, H., Louter, M. A., Matthijssen, S. J. M. A., et al. (2023) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2903 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationSchema Therapy in Forensic Settings
Bernstein, D. P., Clercx, M., & Vos, M. K. (2019) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119139980.ch41 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The Good Enough Parenting early intervention schema therapy based program: Participant experience
Louis, J. P., Ortiz, V., Barlas, J., Lee, J. S., Lockwood, G., Chong, W. F., Louis, K. M., & Sim, P. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0243508 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The network structure of schema modes
Aalbers, G., Engels, T., Haslbeck, J. M. B., Borsboom, D., & Arntz, A. R. (2021) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2577 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationWoodbridge, J., Reis, S. L., Townsend, M. L., Hobby, L., & Grenyer, B. F. S. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0255055 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Brazão, N., da Motta, C., & Rijo, D. (2013) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2013.07.018 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Leppänen, V., Lindeman, S. M., Arntz, A. R., & Hakko, H. H. (2012) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2012.745600 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationRoediger, E. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45028-0_43-1 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Early Intervention for Borderline Personality Disorder: Psychodynamic Therapy in Adolescents.
Salzer, S., Cropp, C., & Streeck-Fischer, A. (2014) · Zeitschrift für psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie · doi:10.13109/zptm.2014.60.4.368 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Nordahl, H. M., & Adrian Wells, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01694 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“The preliminary results of our study compare well with other comprehensive treatments in terms of pre- and post-treatment effects and duration (Linehan et al., 2006; Bateman and Fonagy, 2009; Nadort et al., 2009; Doering et al., 2010).”
MethodResultBamelis, L. L. M., Giesen-Bloo, J. H., Bernstein, D. P., & Arntz, A. R. (2012) · doi:10.1002/9781119962830.ch37 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationSchema Therapy with Emotionally Inhibited and Fearful Patients
Faßbinder, E., & Arntz, A. R. (2018) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10879-018-9396-9 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationBrazão, N., Rijo, D., Salvador, M. D. C., & Pinto‐Gouveia, J. (2017) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000247 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Taylor, C. D. J., & Arntz, A. R. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118468197.ch30 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationvan Wijk-Herbrink, M. F., Lobbestael, J., Bernstein, D., Broers, N., Roelofs, J., & Arntz, A. (2020) · International Journal of Forensic Mental Health · doi:10.1080/14999013.2020.1842562 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“…psychotherapy that has been shown effective for adult patients with personality disorders (Bamelis, Evers, Spinhoven, & Arntz, 2014; Farrell, Shaw, & Webber, 2009; Giesen-Bloo et al., 2006; Nadort et al., 2009), including forensic patients with severe antisocial behaviors (Bernstein 2016).”
Self-citationBoog, M., Goudriaan, A. E., Wetering, B. J. M. V. D., Franken, I. H. A., & Arntz, A. R. (2022) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2803 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationRoediger, E., Zarbock, G., Frank-Noyon, E., Hinrichs, J., & Arntz, A. R. (2018) · Sexual & Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/14681994.2018.1529411 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“There is an increasing evidence of effectiveness of schema therapy for individuals with various disorders in some studies (e.g. Bamelis, Evers, Spinhoven, & Arntz, 2014; Giesen-Bloo et al., 2006; Gude & Hoffart, 2008; Heilemann, Pieters, Kehoe, & Yang, 2011; Malogiannis et al., 2014; Nadort et al., 2009; Renner, Arntz…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
- Authors
- Nadort, M., Arntz, A., Smit, J. H., Giesen-Bloo, J., Eikelenboom, M., Spinhoven, P., van Asselt, T., Wensing, M., & van Dyck, R.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Leiden University (NL)
- Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Nadort, Marjon
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 961-973
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2019444600
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 17.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Keywords
- schema therapy, borderline personality disorder, outpatient care, crisis support, therapist training, treatment implementation, treatment discontinuation, quality of life, psychopathology, long-term treatment outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Behavior Therapy, Borderline Personality Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Outpatients, Treatment Outcome, Remote Consultation
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