Defining recovery from an eating disorder: conceptualization, validation, and examination of psychosocial functioning and psychiatric comorbidity
Open accessAbstract
Conceptually, eating disorder recovery should include physical, behavioral, and psychological components, but such a comprehensive approach has not been consistently employed. Guided by theory and recent recovery research, we identified a "fully recovered" group (n = 20) based on physical (body mass index), behavioral (absence of eating disorder behaviors), and psychological (Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire) indices, and compared them with groups of partially recovered (n = 15), active eating disorder (n = 53), and healthy controls (n = 67). The fully recovered group was indistinguishable from controls on all eating disorder-related measures used, while the partially recovered group was less disordered than the active eating disorder group on some measures, but not on body image. Regarding psychosocial functioning, both the fully and partially recovered groups had psychosocial functioning similar to the controls, but there was a pattern of more of the partially recovered group reporting eating disorder aspects interfering with functioning. Regarding other psychopathology, the fully recovered group was no more likely than the controls to experience current Axis I pathology, but they did have elevated rates of current anxiety disorder. Results suggest that a stringent definition of recovery from an eating disorder is meaningful. Clinical implications and future directions regarding defining eating disorder recovery are discussed.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
No consensus definition of anorexia nervosa recovery exists.
“Because no consensus definition of AN recovery exists (Bardone-Cone et al., 2010, Hoek, 2006, Pike, 1998)”
From Factors associated with recovery from anorexia nervosa (2013) · cites this paper as Bardone-Cone et al., 2010
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Eating Attitudes Test: psychometric features and clinical correlates
Garner, D. M., Olmsted, M., Bohr, Y., & Garfinkel, P. (1982) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700049163 · Cited by 4,902 · see citing works
Frank, E. (1991) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810330075011 · Cited by 1,959 · cited 3× · see citing works
“This approach is similar to that applied by researchers defining recovery for major depressive disorder (Frank et al., 1991; Rush et al., 2006); for example, Rush et al. (2006) argue that daily functioning should not be included in defining recovery from depression since this is affected both by…”
MethodResultBinge eating: nature, assessment, and treatment
(1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.31-4640 · Cited by 1,801 · see citing works
The outcome of anorexia nervosa in the 20th century
Steinhausen, H.-C. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1284 · Cited by 1,761 · see citing works
The Objectified Body Consciousness Scale
McKinley, N. M., & Hyde, J. S. (1996) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1996.tb00467.x · Cited by 1,724 · see citing works
(2008) · Cited by 1,397 · see citing works
Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders
Ghaderi, A. (2008) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070802473239 · Cited by 1,246 · see citing works
The sociocultural attitudes towards appearance scale‐3 (SATAQ‐3): Development and validation
Thompson, J. K., van den Berg, P., Roehrig, M., Guarda, Á. S., & Heinberg, L. J. (2004) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.10257 · Cited by 1,178 · see citing works
Comorbidity of Anxiety Disorders With Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa
Kaye, W. H., Bulik, C. M., Thornton, L., Barbarich, N., Masters, K., & the Price Foundation Collaborative Group (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.12.2215 · Cited by 1,162 · see citing works
Binge eating—Nature, assessment, and treatment
Treasure, J. L. (1994) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)90024-8 · Cited by 873 · see citing works
Morgan, H. G., & RUSSELL, G. F. M. (1975) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700056981 · Cited by 776 · see citing works
Report by the ACNP Task Force on Response and Remission in Major Depressive Disorder
Rush, A. J., Kraemer, H. C., Sackeim, H. A., Fava, M., Trivedi, M. H., Frank, E., Ninan, P. T., Thase, M. E., Gelenberg, A. J., Kupfer, D. J., et al. (2006) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301131 · Cited by 707 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…is similar to that applied by researchers defining recovery for major depressive disorder (Frank et al., 1991; Rush et al., 2006); for example, Rush et al. (2006) argue that daily functioning should not be included in defining recovery from depression since this is affected both by the…”
ResultEating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q): norms for young adult women
Mond, J. M., Hay, P. J., Rodgers, B., & Owen, C. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.12.003 · Cited by 681 · see citing works
The assessment of body image investment: An extensive revision of the appearance schemas inventory
Cash, T. F., Melnyk, S. E., & Hrabosky, J. I. (2004) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.10264 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
The measurement of impairment due to eating disorder psychopathology
Bohn, K., Doll, H. A., Cooper, Z., O'Connor, M., Palmer, R. L., & Fairburn, C. G. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.06.012 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Recovery and Relapse in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa: A 7.5-Year Follow-up Study
Herzog, D. B., Dorer, D. J., Keel, P. K., Delinsky, S. S., Ekeblad, E. R., Flores, A., Greenwood, D., Burwell, R. A., & Keller, M. B. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199907000-00012 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Postremission predictors of relapse in women with eating disorders
Keel, P. K., Dorer, D. J., Franko, D. L., Jackson, S. C., & Herzog, D. B. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.12.2263 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Twelve-year course and outcome predictors of anorexia nervosa.
Fichter, M., Quadflieg, N., & Hedlund, S. (2006) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20215 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Relapse in anorexia nervosa: a survival analysis
CARTER, J. C., BLACKMORE, E., SUTANDAR-PINNOCK, K., & WOODSIDE, D. B. (2004) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291703001168 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Long-term outcome of anorexia nervosa in a prospective 21-year follow-up study
LÖWE, B., ZIPFEL, S., BUCHHOLZ, C., DUPONT, Y., REAS, D. L., & HERZOG, W. (2001) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329170100407x · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Grilo, C. M., Masheb, R. M., & Wilson, G. T. (2001) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.69.2.317 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Symptom fluctuation in eating disorders: correlates of diagnostic crossover
Tozzi, F., Thornton, L. M., Klump, K. L., Fichter, M. M., Halmi, K. A., Kaplan, A. S., Strober, M., Woodside, D. B., Crow, S., Mitchell, J., et al. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.4.732 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Long-term course of anorexia nervosa
Pike, K. M. (1998) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(98)00014-2 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Hohlstein, L. A., Smith, G. T., & Atlas, J. G. (1998) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.10.1.49 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B., Hebebrand, J., Müller, B., Herpertz, S., Heussen, N., & Remschmidt, H. (2001) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00756 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
What is recovery in adolescent anorexia nervosa?
Couturier, J. L., & Lock, J. (2006) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20309 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
The patient's account of relapse and recovery in anorexia nervosa: a qualitative study
Federici, A., & Kaplan, A. S. (2007) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.813 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Patterns and Predictors of Recovery in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa
Herzog, D. B., SACKS, N. R., Keller, M. B., Lavori, P. W., von Ranson, K. M., & Gray, H. M. (1993) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199307000-00020 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Personality characteristics of women before and after recovery from an eating disorder
KLUMP, K. L., STROBER, M., BULIK, C. M., THORNTON, L., JOHNSON, C., DEVLIN, B., FICHTER, M. M., HALMI, K. A., KAPLAN, A. S., BLAKE WOODSIDE, D., et al. (2004) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291704002442 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Incidence and outcomes of bulimia nervosa: a nationwide population-based study
Keski-Rahkonen, A., Hoek, H., Linna, M., Raevuori, A., Sihvola, E., Bulik, C., Rissanen, A., & Kaprio, J. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708003942 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Reslewic, S. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.300.5622.1091b · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Personality traits after recovery from eating disorders: Do subtypes differ?
Wagner, A., Barbarich-Marsteller, N. C., Frank, G., Bailer, U. F., Wonderlich, S. A., Crosby, R. D., Henry, S. E., Vogel, V., Plotnicov, K. H., McConaha, C. W., et al. (2006) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20251 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
The process of recovery in eating disorder sufferers' own words: An Internet-based study
Keski‐Rahkonen, A., & Tozzi, F. (2005) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20123 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Eating disorder not otherwise specified in adolescents.
EDDY, K. T., CELIO DOYLE, A., RIENECKE HOSTE, R., HERZOG, D. B., & le GRANGE, D. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31815cd9cf · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Couturier, J. L., & Lock, J. (2006) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20224 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Wentz, E., Gillberg, C., Gillberg, I. C., & Råstam, M. (2001) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00757 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Kalarchian, M. A., Wilson, G. T., Brolin, R. E., & Bradley, L. (2000) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/1098-108x(200012)28:4 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Stunkard, A. J. (2011) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2011.08.010 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Kordy, H., Krämer, B., Palmer, R. L., Papežová, H., Pellet, J., Richard, M., Treasure, J. L., & B, C. A. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.2013 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Duration of illness predicts outcome for bulimia nervosa: A long-term follow-up study
Reas, D. L., Williamson, D. A., Martin, C. K., & Zucker, N. L. (2000) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(200005)27:4 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Health‐related quality of life and eating disorders: A review and update
Engel, S. G., Adair, C. E., Hayas, C. L., & Abraham, S. F. (2008) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20602 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
An Examination of Cognitive Versus Behavioral Components of Recovery From Anorexia Nervosa
Bachner-Melman, R., Zohar, A., & Ebstein, R. (2006) · Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000235795.51683.99 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Eating disorders: The transdiagnostic view and the cognitive behavioral theory.
Fairburn, C. G. (2008) · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Bosanac, P., Kurlender, S., Stojanovska, L., Hallam, K. T., Norman, T. R., McGrath, C., Burrows, G. D., Wesnes, K. A., Manktelow, T., & Olver, J. S. (2007) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20412 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
An integrative quantitative model of factors influencing the course of anorexia nervosa over time
Yackobovitch‐Gavan, M., Golan, M., Valevski, A., Kreitler, S., Bachar, E., Lieblich, A., Mitrani, E., Weizman, A., & Stein, D. J. (2008) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20624 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Herzog, W., Schellberg, D., & Deter, H. (1997) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.65.1.169 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Why the high rate of dropout from individualized cognitive-behavior therapy for bulimia nervosa?
Steel, Z., Jones, J. M., Adcock, S., Clancy, R., Bridgford-West, L., & Austin, J. (2000) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/1098-108x(200009)28:2 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Temporal Patterns of Recovery Across Eating Disorder Subtypes
Holle, A. F. V., Pinheiro, A. P., Thornton, L. M., Klump, K. L., Berrettini, W. H., Brandt, H., Crawford, S. F., Crow, S. J., Fichter, M. M., Halmi, K. A., et al. (2008) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00048670701787610 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The course and outcome of bulimia nervosa
Quadflieg, N., & Fichter, M. M. (2003) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-003-1113-9 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Psychological correlates of weight gain in patients with anorexia nervosa
Channon, S., & DeSilva, W. P. (1985) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(85)90027-5 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Criteria for Recovery from Eating Disorders According to Patients and Therapists
Noordenbos, G., & Seubring, A. (2006) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640260500296756 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Striegel‐Moore, R. H., Seeley, J. R., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000046838.90931.44 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Good outcome of adolescent onset anorexia nervosa after systematic treatment
Halvorsen, I., Andersen, A., & Heyerdahl, S. (2004) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-004-0408-9 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Herzog, W., Schellberg, D., & Deter, H. (1997) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.65.1.169 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Outcome Measurement in Psychiatry: A Critical Review
Peele, R. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.7.1369-a · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The clinical significance of amenorrhea as a diagnostic criterion for anorexia nervosa
Roberto, C. A., STEINGLASS, J. E., Mayer, L., Attia, E., & Walsh, B. T. (2008) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20534 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Outcome Measurement in Psychiatry: A Critical Review
(2002) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9798894550053 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Field, A. E., Herzog, D. B., Keller, M. B., West, J., Nussbaum, K. M., & Colditz, G. A. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00220-5 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Coping Strategies and Recovery in Patients with a Severe Eating Disorder
Bloks, H., van Furth, E. F., Callewaert, I., & Hoek, H. W. (2004) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640260490445131 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Outcome measurement in eating disorders.
Anderson, D. A., & Williamson, D. A. (2002) · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The relationship between selflessness levels and the severity of anorexia nervosa symptomatology
Bachner‐Melman, R., Zohar, A. H., Ebstein, R. P., & Bachar, E. (2006) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.740 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Cogley, C. B., & Keel, P. K. (2003) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.10187 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
State self‐esteem ratings in women with bulimia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in remission
Daley, K. A., Jimerson, D. C., Heatherton, T. F., Metzger, E. D., & Wolfe, B. E. (2007) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20447 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Recovery from Eating Disorders
Walsh, B. T. (2008) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00048670701793402 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Describing course of illness: Does our language matter?
Frank, E. F. (2005) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20145 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Assessment of eating disorders: interview or self-report questionnaire
Fairburn, C. G., & Beglin, S. J. (1994) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/1098-108x(199412)16:4
Strober (1997) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199712)22:4
Luce (1999) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199904)25:3
Mussell (1997) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(1997)21:4
Striegel-Moore (1998) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(200001)27:1
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- First MB Spitzer RL Gibbon M Williams JB Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV Axis I disorders – Patient edition (SCID-I/P, version 2) 1995 New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research Department New York
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Vall, E., & Wade, T. D. (2015) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22411 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Khalsa, S. S., Portnoff, L. C., McCurdy, D., & Feusner, J. D. (2017) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-017-0145-3 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Vall, E., & Wade, T. D. (2016) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22518 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
The Science Behind the Academy for Eating Disorders' Nine Truths About Eating Disorders
Schaumberg, K., Welch, E., Breithaupt, L. E., Hübel, C., Baker, J. H., Munn‐Chernoff, M. A., Yılmaz, Z., Ehrlich, S., Mustelin, L., Ghaderi, A., et al. (2017) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2553 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Cognitive flexibility and clinical severity in eating disorders
Tchanturia, K., Harrison, A., Davies, H., Roberts, M., Oldershaw, A., Nakazato, M., Stahl, D., Morris, R., Schmidt, U., & Treasure, J. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020462 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Bardone‐Cone, A. M., Hunt, R. A., & Watson, H. J. (2018) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-018-0932-9 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Self-citationSander, J., Moessner, M., & Bauer, S. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18052779 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
de Vos, J. A., LaMarre, A., Radstaak, M., Bijkerk, C. A., Bohlmeijer, E. T., & Westerhof, G. J. (2017) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-017-0164-0 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Eating disorder outcomes: findings from a rapid review of over a decade of research
Miskovic‐Wheatley, J., Bryant, E., Ong, S. H., Vatter, S., Le, A., Aouad, P., Barakat, S., Boakes, R. A., Brennan, L., Bryant, E., et al. (2023) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-023-00801-3 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Tactile body image disturbance in anorexia nervosa
Keizer, A., Smeets, M. A. M., Dijkerman, H. C., van den Hout, M., Klugkist, I. G., Elburg, A. A. V., & Postma, A. (2011) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.04.031 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Psilocybin therapy for females with anorexia nervosa: a phase 1, open-label feasibility study
Peck, S. K., Shao, S., Gruen, T., Yang, K. H., Babakanian, A., Trim, J., Finn, D. M., & Kaye, W. H. (2023) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-023-02455-9 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Food Intake Regulation, and Obesity
Rosas‐Vargas, H., Martínez‐Ezquerro, J. D., & Bienvenu, T. (2011) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2011.09.005 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Linardon, J., Garcia, X. D. L. P., & Brennan, L. (2016) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2492 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Persistent body image disturbance following recovery from eating disorders
Eshkevari, E., Rieger, E., Longo, M. R., Haggard, P., & Treasure, J. L. (2013) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22219 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Cognitive flexibility in acute anorexia nervosa and after recovery: A systematic review
Miles, S., Gnatt, I., Phillipou, A., & Nedeljkovic, M. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101905 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Lock, J., Grange, D. L., Agras, W. S., Fitzpatrick, K. K., Jo, B., Accurso, E. C., Forsberg, S., Anderson, K. E., Arnow, K., & Stainer, M. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.07.015 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Harrison, A., Mountford, V. A., & Tchanturia, K. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.04.007 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
“Doing the Impossible”: The Process of Recovery From Chronic Anorexia Nervosa
Dawson, L., Rhodes, P., & Touyz, S. (2014) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732314524029 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Franko, D. L., Tabri, N., Keshaviah, A. P., Murray, H. B., Herzog, D. B., Thomas, J. J., Coniglio, K., Keel, P. K., & Eddy, K. T. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.10.008 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Wetzler, S. R., Hackmann, C., Peryer, G., Clayman, K. A., Friedman, D., Saffran, K., Silver, J., Swarbrick, M. A., Magill, E. B., van Furth, E. F., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23260 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Castellini, G., Lelli, L., Cassioli, E., Ciampi, E., Zamponi, F., Campone, B., Monteleone, A. M., & Ricca, V. (2018) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2586 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Factors associated with recovery from anorexia nervosa
Zerwas, S., Lund, B. C., Von Holle, A., Thornton, L. M., Berrettini, W. H., Brandt, H., Crawford, S., Fichter, M. M., Halmi, K. A., Johnson, C., et al. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.02.011 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Grange, D. L., Lock, J., Accurso, E. C., Agras, W. S., Darcy, A. M., Forsberg, S., & Bryson, S. W. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.07.014 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
The Inter-Relationships between Vegetarianism and Eating Disorders among Females
Bardone‐Cone, A. M., Fitzsimmons‐Craft, E. E., Harney, M. B., Maldonado, C. R., Lawson, M. A., Smith, R., & Robinson, D. P. (2012) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2012.05.007 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationSlane, J. D., Klump, K. L., McGue, M., & Iacono, W. G. (2014) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22329 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Objectified body consciousness in relation to recovery from an eating disorder
Fitzsimmons‐Craft, E. E., Bardone‐Cone, A. M., & Kelly, K. A. (2011) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.09.001 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationPerfectionism across stages of recovery from eating disorders
Bardone‐Cone, A. M., Sturm, K., Lawson, M. A., Robinson, D. P., & Smith, R. (2009) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20674 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationCalugi, S., El Ghoch, M., & Dalle Grave, R. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.11.006 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Lock, J., Robinson, A., Sadeh‐Sharvit, S., Rosania, K., Osipov, L., Kirz, N., Derenne, J., & Utzinger, L. (2019) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22994 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
McNamara, N., & Parsons, H. (2016) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12161 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Schlegl, S., Quadflieg, N., Löwe, B., Cuntz, U., & Voderholzer, U. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-014-0258-z · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Bardone‐Cone, A. M., Thompson, K. A., & Miller, A. J. (2018) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12448 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationFuture Directions in Etiologic, Prevention, and Treatment Research for Eating Disorders
Stice, E. M., South, K., & Shaw, H. E. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2012.728156 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Do end of treatment assessments predict outcome at follow‐up in eating disorders?
Lock, J., Agras, W. S., Grange, D. L., Couturier, J. L., Safer, D. L., & Bryson, S. W. (2013) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22175 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Predictors of relapse in eating disorders: A meta-analysis
Sala, M., Keshishian, A. C., Song, S., Moskowitz, R., Bulik, C. M., Roos, C. R., & Levinson, C. A. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.01.002 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“All eyes are on you”: anorexia nervosa patient perspectives of in-patient mealtimes
Long, S. J., Wallis, D. J., Leung, N., & Meyer, C. (2011) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105311419270 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Forrest, L. N., Bodell, L. P., Witte, T. K., Goodwin, N. P., Bartlett, M. L., Siegfried, N., Eddy, K. T., Thomas, J. J., Franko, D. L., & Smith, A. R. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.017 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
IsHak, W. W., Bonifay, W., Collison, K., Reid, M., Youssef, H., Parisi, T., Cohen, R. M., & Cai, L. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.081 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Forbush, K. T., Chen, P., Hagan, K. E., Chapa, D. A. N., Gould, S. R., Eaton, N. R., & Krueger, R. F. (2018) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22891 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Fischer, S. F., & Peterson, C. M. (2014) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/a0036065 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Approach and avoidance motivation in eating disorders
Harrison, A., Treasure, J. L., & Smillie, L. D. (2011) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.04.022 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Normal Eating Is Counter‐Cultural: Embodied Experiences of Eating Disorder Recovery
LaMarre, A., & Rice, C. (2016) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2240 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Glasofer, D. R., Muratore, A. F., Attia, E., Wu, P., Wang, Y., Minkoff, H., Rufin, T., Walsh, B. T., & STEINGLASS, J. E. (2020) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-020-00348-7 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
A case series evaluation of the Maudsley Model for treatment of adults with anorexia nervosa
Wade, T. D., Treasure, J. L., & Schmidt, U. H. (2011) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.1078 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Sibéoni, J., Orri, M., Valentin, M., Podlipski, M.-A., Colin, S., Pradère, J., & Révah‐Levy, A. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169493 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Thin-ideal internalization: how much is too much?
Schaefer, L. M., Burke, N. L., & Thompson, J. K. (2019) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-018-0498-x · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Efficacy of a partial hospital programme for adults with eating disorders
Brown, T. A., Cusack, A., Anderson, L. K., Trim, J., Nakamura, T., Trunko, M. E., & Kaye, W. H. (2018) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2589 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Who am I? How do I look? Neural differences in self-identity in anorexia nervosa.
McAdams, C. J., & Krawczyk, D. C. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nss093 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Eating disorders “mental health literacy”: a scoping review
Bullivant, B., Rhydderch, S., Griffiths, S., Mitchison, D., & Mond, J. (2020) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2020.1713996 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Levinson, C. A., Vanzhula, I. A., & Brosof, L. C. (2018) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22952 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Tomba, E., Tecuta, L., Crocetti, E., Squarcio, F., & Tomei, G. (2019) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23095 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Talbot, A., Hay, P., Buckett, G., & Touyz, S. W. (2014) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22332 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Stockford, C., Kroese, B. S., Beesley, A., & Leung, N. (2018) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2018.1512301 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Rank perception and self‐evaluation in eating disorders
Cardi, V., Matteo, R. D., Gilbert, P., & Treasure, J. L. (2014) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22261 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Castellini, G., Franzago, M., Bagnoli, S., Lelli, L., Balsamo, M., Mancini, M., Nacmias, B., Ricca, V., Sorbi, S., Antonucci, I., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173560 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Bohrer, B. K., Foye, U., & Jewell, T. (2020) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23218 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Stigma of eating disorders and <scp>recovery‐related</scp> outcomes: A systematic review
Foran, A., O'Donnell, A. T., & Muldoon, O. T. (2020) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2735 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Ackard, D. M., Richter, S. A., Egan, A., & Cronemeyer, C. L. (2014) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22346 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Body appreciation and intuitive eating in eating disorder recovery
Koller, K. A., Thompson, K. A., Miller, A. J., Walsh, E. C., & Bardone‐Cone, A. M. (2020) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23238 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationGrave, R. D., Conti, M., & Calugi, S. (2020) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23337 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Velkoff, E. A., Brown, T. A., Kaye, W. H., & Wierenga, C. E. (2023) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2023.2191488 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
A review of the definitions of outcome used in the treatment of bulimia nervosa
Williams, S. E., Watts, T. K. O., & Wade, T. D. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.01.006 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Dimensions of impulsivity in relation to eating disorder recovery
Bardone‐Cone, A. M., Butler, R. M., Balk, M. R., & Koller, K. A. (2016) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22579 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationRecovering Uncertainty: Exploring Eating Disorder Recovery in Context
LaMarre, A., & Rice, C. M. (2021) · Culture Medicine and Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s11013-020-09700-7 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Peck, S. K., Towne, T. L., Wierenga, C. E., Hill, L., Eisler, I., Brown, T. A., Han, E. S., Miller, M. L., Perry, T. R., & Kaye, W. H. (2021) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-021-00465-x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Embodiment Mediates the Relationship between Avoidant Attachment and Eating Disorder Psychopathology
Monteleone, A. M., Castellini, G., Ricca, V., Volpe, U., Riso, F. D., Nigro, M., Zamponi, F., Mancini, M., Stanghellini, G., Monteleone, P., et al. (2017) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2536 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Valente, M., Brenner, R., Cesuroğlu, T., Bunders, J., & Syurina, E. V. (2020) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2020.104840 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Bardone-Cone, A. M., Schaefer, L. M., Maldonado, C. R., Fitzsimmons, E. E., Harney, M. B., Lawson, M. A., Robinson, D. P., Tosh, A., & Smith, R. (2010) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2010.29.7.821 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationDecision‐making and planning in full recovery of anorexia nervosa
Lindner, S. E., Fichter, M. M., & Quadflieg, N. (2012) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22025 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Investigating the Components of Body Image Disturbance Within Eating Disorders
Carey, M., & Preston, C. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00635 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Wilksch, S. M., O’Shea, A. E., Taylor, C. B., Wilfley, D. E., Jacobi, C., & Wade, T. D. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717003567 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Costanzo, F., Menghini, D., Maritato, A., Castiglioni, M. C., Mereu, A., Varuzza, C., Zanna, V., & Vicari, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00133 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Relationships between eating disorder psychopathology, sexual hormones and sexual behaviours
Castellini, G., Lelli, L., Cassioli, E., & Ricca, V. (2019) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2019.04.009 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Purging Disorder: A Comparison to Established Eating Disorders with Purging Behaviour
Koch, S., Quadflieg, N., & Fichter, M. M. (2013) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2231 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Lindner, S., Fichter, M., & Quadflieg, N. (2014) · European eating disorders review · doi:10.1002/erv.2293 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Negative affective experiences in relation to stages of eating disorder recovery
Harney, M. B., Fitzsimmons‐Craft, E. E., Maldonado, C. R., & Bardone‐Cone, A. M. (2013) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.10.016 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationHaynos, A. F., Crosby, R. D., Engel, S. G., Lavender, J. M., Wonderlich, S. A., Mitchell, J. E., Peterson, C. B., Crow, S. J., & Grange, D. L. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.06.016 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Richmond, T. K., Woolverton, G. A., Mammel, K., Ornstein, R. M., Spalding, A., Woods, E. R., & Forman, S. F. (2020) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23294 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Fitzsimmons, E. E., & Bardone-Cone, A. M. (2011) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2010.09.002 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationMcClure, Z., Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M., Messer, M., & Linardon, J. (2023) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.24078 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Haynos, A. F., Anderson, L. M., Askew, A. J., Craske, M. G., & Peterson, C. B. (2021) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-021-00417-5 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Developing consensus on the definition of remission and recovery for research
Wade, T. D., & Lock, J. (2019) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23165 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial of a Novel Dissonance-Based Group Treatment for Eating Disorders
Stice, E. M., Rohde, P., Butryn, M. L., Menke, K. S., & Marti, C. N. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.12.012 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Ackard, D. M., Richter, S. A., Egan, A., & Cronemeyer, C. L. (2013) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.10.002 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Neuropsychological and Cognitive Correlates of Recovery in Anorexia Nervosa
Harper, J. A., Brodrick, B. B., Enkevort, E. A. V., & McAdams, C. J. (2017) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2539 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Westwater, M. L., Seidlitz, J., Diederen, K. M. J., Fischer, S. F., & Thompson, J. C. (2017) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.11.006 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Landt, M., Dingemans, A. E., Rivas, J. D. L. T. Y., & van Furth, E. F. (2019) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23091 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Using immersive virtual reality to modify body image
Irvine, K., Irvine, A. R., Maalin, N., McCarty, K., Cornelissen, K. K., Tovée, M. J., & Cornelissen, P. L. (2020) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.03.007 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Elwyn, R., Adams, M., Sharpe, S. L., Silverstein, S., LaMarre, A., Downs, J. L., & Burnette, C. B. (2024) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-024-01016-w · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Castellini, G., Ricca, V., Lelli, L., Bagnoli, S., Lucenteforte, E., Faravelli, C., Sorbi, S., & Nacmias, B. (2012) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32052 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
An interactive training programme to treat body image disturbance
Gledhill, L. J., Cornelissen, K. K., Cornelissen, P. L., Penton‐Voak, I. S., Munafo, M. R., & Tovée, M. J. (2016) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12217 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Eating Disorder Recovery: A Metaethnography
Eaton, C. M. (2019) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/1078390319849106 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Lukat, J., Becker, E. S., Lavallee, K. L., van der Veld, W. M., & Margraf, J. (2016) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2026 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Bardone‐Cone, A. M., Alvarez, A., Gorlick, J., Koller, K. A., Thompson, K. A., & Miller, A. J. (2019) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23128 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationSaunders, J. F., Eaton, A. A., & Aguilar, S. R. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106420 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Current directions in biomarkers and endophenotypes for anorexia nervosa: A scoping review
Malcolm, A., & Phillipou, A. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.063 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Wade, T. D., Ghan, C., & Waller, G. (2021) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.103962 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
From Awareness to Action: An Urgent Call to Address the Inadequacy of Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa
Bulik, C. M. (2021) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.21070697 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Ciao, A. C., Accurso, E. C., Fitzsimmons‐Craft, E. E., & Grange, D. L. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.04.002 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Belloch, A., Roncero, M., & Perpiñá, C. (2016) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2458 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bardone-Cone, A. M., Harney, M. B., Maldonado, C. R., Lawson, M. A., Robinson, D. P., Smith, R., & Tosh, A.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of Missouri (US)
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-03
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 194-202
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2829357
- OpenAlex
- W2078494219
- Cited by
- 392
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 10.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- University of Missouri
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- eating disorder recovery, recovery definition, body mass index, eating disorder behaviors, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, body image, psychosocial functioning, psychiatric comorbidity, anxiety disorders, eating disorder severity
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Mental Disorders, Body Image, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Interview, Psychological, Models, Psychological, Surveys and Questionnaires, Comorbidity, Body Mass Index, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
