The DOI matches its Crossref record; 79 of the 79 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for hypochondriasis/health anxiety: A meta-analysis of treatment outcome and moderators
Abstract
The present investigation employed meta-analysis to examine the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for hypochondriasis/health anxiety as well as potential moderators that may be associated with outcome. A literature search revealed 15 comparisons among 13 randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) with a total sample size of 1081 participants that met inclusion criteria. Results indicated that CBT outperformed control conditions on primary outcome measures at post-treatment (Hedges's g = 0.95) and at follow-up (Hedges's g = 0.34). CBT also outperformed control conditions on measures of depression at post-treatment (Hedges's g = 0.64) and at follow-up (Hedges's g = 0.35). Moderator analyses revealed that higher pre-treatment severity of hypochondriasis/health anxiety was associated with greater effect sizes at follow-up visits and depression symptom severity was significantly associated with a lower in effect sizes at post-treatment. Although effect size did not vary as a function of blind assessment, smaller effect sizes were observed for CBT vs. treatment as usual control conditions than for CBT vs. waitlist control. A dose response relationship was also observed, such that a greater number of CBT sessions was associated with larger effect sizes at post-treatment. This review indicates that CBT is efficacious in the treatment of hypochondriasis/health anxiety and identifies potential moderators that are associated with outcome. The implications of these findings for further delineating prognostic and prescriptive indicators of CBT for hypochondriasis/health anxiety are discussed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In clinical practice, OCD is considered as the most resistant anxiety disorder; a finding that is empirically supported by several meta-analyses which show that remission rate of OCD 1 year after conclusion of an evidence-based treatment with a SSRI or a cognitive behavioral approach is about 53% and that treatment effect diminished rapidly after the acute treatment phase [8–10].”
In the citing paper
“In clinical practice, OCD is considered as the most resistant anxiety disorder; a finding that is empirically supported by several meta-analyses which show that remission rate of OCD 1 year after conclusion of an evidence-based treatment with a SSRI or a cognitive behavioral approach is about 53% and that treatment effect diminished rapidly after the acute treatment phase [8–10].”
In the citing paper
“In clinical practice, OCD is considered as the most resistant anxiety disorder; a finding that is empirically supported by several meta-analyses which show that remission rate of OCD 1 year after conclusion of an evidence-based treatment with a SSRI or a cognitive behavioral approach is about 53% and that treatment effect diminished rapidly after the acute treatment phase [8–10].”
In the citing paper
“Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has the greatest evidence base for health anxiety management compared with several control conditions, including treatment as usual, medication, placebo, waitlist, support groups, non-CBT–based psychoeducation, and other psychological interventions [20,21].”
From A Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Chatbot (Otis) for Health Anxiety Management: Mixed Methods Pilot Study (2022) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“with most evidence obtained with forms of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) but also including stress management, mindfulness and acceptance, and commitment therapy.[10][11][12]”
From Why health anxiety needs to be recognised in hospital practice (2020) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an empirically supported treatment for health anxiety that has demonstrated efficacy in group and individual formats ( Olatunji et al., 2014 )”
From Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Psychoeducation Control for Illness Anxiety Disorder and Somatic Symptom Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2018) · cites this paper as Olatunji et al., 2014
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,603
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,417
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/springerreference_121117 · Cited by 20,772
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Widiger, T. A. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1037/10518-009 · Cited by 19,766
Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,377
The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results.
Rosenthal, R. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638 · Cited by 9,068
Meta-Analytic Procedures for Social Research
Rosenthal, R. (1991) · doi:10.4135/9781412984997 · Cited by 4,635
Meta-Analytic Procedures for Social Research.
Metcalfe, A., & Rosenthal, R. (1994) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.2307/2348600 · Cited by 4,249
(1985) · Cited by 2,882
Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis
(1985) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-03396-0 · Cited by 2,570
A Fail-Safe N for Effect Size in Meta-Analysis
Orwin, R. G. (1983) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164923 · Cited by 2,064
Hoffman, S. G., & Smits, J. A. J. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v69n0415 · Cited by 1,420
Self-citationWesten, D., Novotny, C. M., & Thompson-Brenner, H. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.631 · Cited by 1,212
Strategy of outcome research in psychotherapy.
Paul, G. L. (1967) · Journal of Consulting Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0024436 · Cited by 1,043
Olatunji, B. O., Davis, M. L., Powers, M. B., & Smits, J. A. J. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.08.020 · Cited by 659
Self-citationWarwick, H. M. C., & Salkovskis, P. M. (1990) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(90)90023-c · Cited by 587 · cited 1×
“Much like PD and OCD, cognitivebehavioral models (Abramowitz, Schwartz, & Whiteside, 2002; Warwick & Salkovskis, 1990) posit that hypochondriasis is an extreme form of health anxiety that emerges from the misinterpretation of benign and normally occurring experiences that lead to anxiety and the…”
BackgroundBrand, J. L. (1997) · Digital Commons - Andrews University (Andrews University) · Cited by 537
Eddy, K. T., Dutra, L., Bradley, R., & Westen, D. (2004) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.08.004 · Cited by 475
Psychological treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis
Rosa-Alcázar, A. I., Sánchez-Meca, J., Gómez-Conesa, A., & Marín-Martínez, F. (2008) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.07.001 · Cited by 444
A systematic review of the epidemiology of somatisation disorder and hypochondriasis
Creed, F., & Barsky, A. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00622-6 · Cited by 421
Abramowitz, J. S. (1996) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(96)80045-1 · Cited by 357
Speckens, A. E. M., van Hemert, A. M., Spinhoven, P., Hawton, K. E., Bolk, J. H., & Rooijmans, H. G. M. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7016.1328 · Cited by 330
Anxiety disorders and phobias—a cognitive perspective
Rachman, S. (1986) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(86)90157-9 · Cited by 328
Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Hypochondriasis
BARSKY, A. J., & Ahern, D. K. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.291.12.1464 · Cited by 322
Abramowitz, J. S., Deacon, B. J., & Valentiner, D. P. (2007) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9058-1 · Cited by 308
Two psychological treatments for hypochondriasis: A randomised controlled trial
Clark, D. M., Salkovskis, P. M., Hackmann, A., Wells, A., Fennell, M., Ludgate, J., Ahmad, S., Richards, H. C., & Gelder, M. (1998) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.173.3.218 · Cited by 270
(2004) · Cited by 261
Hartman, O. (2009) · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.09.018 · Cited by 261
Health Anxiety, Hypochondriasis, and the Anxiety Disorders
Abramowitz, J. S., Olatunji, B. O., & Deacon, B. J. (2007) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.05.001 · Cited by 261
Self-citationA controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural treatment of hypochondriasis
Warwick, H. M. C., Clark, D. M., Cobb, A. M., & Salkovskis, P. M. (1996) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.169.2.189 · Cited by 240
Have all won and must all have prizes? Revisiting Luborsky et al.'s verdict.
Beutler, L. E. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.2.226 · Cited by 234
Cognitive and perceptual variables in hypochondriasis and health anxiety: A systematic review
Marcus, D. K., Gurley, J. R., Marchi, M. M., & Bauer, C. (2007) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.09.003 · Cited by 218
(1998) · PubMed · Cited by 215
Internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy for severe health anxiety: randomised controlled trial
Hedman, E., Andersson, G., Andersson, E., Ljótsson, B., Rück, C., Asmundson, G. J. G., & Lindefors, N. (2011) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.086843 · Cited by 212
Driessen, E., Cuijpers, P., Hollon, S. D., & Dekker, J. J. M. (2010) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020570 · Cited by 208
The syndrome of hypochondriasis: a cross-national study in primary care
Gureje, O., Üstün, T. B., & Simon, G. E. (1997) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291797005345 · Cited by 189
Effects of comorbid depression on response to treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder
Abramowitz, J. S., Franklin, M. E., Street, G. P., Kozak, M. J., & Foa, E. B. (2000) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(00)80028-3 · Cited by 188
Greeven, A., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., Visser, S., Merkelbach, J. W., van Rood, Y. R., van Dyck, R., Van der Does, A. J. W., Zitman, F. G., & Spinhoven, P. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.1.91 · Cited by 183
McManus, F., Surawy, C., Muse, K., Vazquez-Montes, M., & Williams, J. M. G. (2012) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0028782 · Cited by 179
An experimental analysis of hypochondriasis
Abramowitz, J. S., & Moore, E. L. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.04.005 · Cited by 151
The treatment of hypochondriasis: exposure plus response prevention vs cognitive therapy.
Visser, S., & Bouman, T. (2001) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00022-x · Cited by 147
Is hypochondriasis an anxiety disorder?
Olatunji, B. O., Deacon, B. J., & Abramowitz, J. S. (2009) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.061085 · Cited by 142
Self-citationPsychotherapies for hypochondriasis
Thomson, A., & Page, L. (2007) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006520.pub2 · Cited by 141
A contemporary conceptual model of hypochondriasis
Abramowitz, J. S., Schwartz, S. A., & Whiteside, S. P. (2002) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/77.12.1323 · Cited by 139
A Prospective 4- to 5-Year Study of DSM-III-R Hypochondriasis
BARSKY, A. J., Fama, J. M., Bailey, E. D., & Ahern, D. K. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.8.737 · Cited by 137
Treatment of obsessive‐compulsive disorder in patients who have comorbid major depression
Abramowitz, J. S. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20078 · Cited by 121
Psychiatric comorbidity among patients with hypochondriasis
Noyes, R., Kathol, R. G., Fisher, M. M., Phillips, B. M., Suelzer, M. T., & WOODMAN, C. L. (1994) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0163-8343(94)90049-3 · Cited by 116
Grande, A. J., Keogh, J., Hoffmann, T., Beller, E., & Mar, C. D. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010596.pub2 · Cited by 112
Hypochondriasis and Panic Disorder
BARSKY, A. J. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950110078010 · Cited by 87
Sørensen, P. S., Birket‐Smith, M., Wattar, U., Buemann, I., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2010) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291710000292 · Cited by 86
Seivewright, H., Green, J., Salkovskis, P., Barrett, B., Nur, U., & Tyrer, P. (2008) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.052936 · Cited by 81
Outcome predictors for severe obsessive–compulsive patients in intensive residential treatment
Stewart, S. E., Yen, C.-H., Stack, D. E., & Jenike, M. A. (2005) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.08.007 · Cited by 75
Treatment preference in hypochondriasis
Walker, J., Vincent, N., Furer, P., Cox, B., & Kjernisted, K. (1999) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0005-7916(99)00027-0 · Cited by 67
Hypochondriasis and obsessive compulsive disorder: overlaps in diagnosis and treatment.
Fallon, B. A., Javitch, J. A., Hollander, E., & Liebowitz, M. R. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 67
Sumathipala, A., Siribaddana, S., Abeysingha, M., Silva, P. D., Dewey, M. E., Prince, M. J., & MANN, A. H. (2008) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.043190 · Cited by 62
Dysfunctional beliefs about symptoms and illness in patients with hypochondriasis
Weck, F., Neng, J. M. B., Richtberg, S., & Stangier, U. (2012) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/j.psym.2011.11.007 · Cited by 59
Hunter, R. (1967) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(67)90147-5 · Cited by 55
Greeven, A., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., van der Leeden, R., Merkelbach, J. W., van den Heuvel, O. A., & Spinhoven, P. (2009) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2009.06.005 · Cited by 55
Current Directions in the Treatment of Hypochondriasis
Taylor, S. J., Asmundson, G. J. G., & Coons, M. J. (2005) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/jcop.2005.19.3.285 · Cited by 53
Predictors of outcome in Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for severe health anxiety
Hedman‐Lagerlöf, E., Lindefors, N., Andersson, G., Andersson, E., Lekander, M., Rück, C., & Ljótsson, B. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.07.009 · Cited by 52
Buwalda, F. M., Bouman, T. K., & van Duijn, M. A. J. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.08.004 · Cited by 48
Smits, J. A. J., Hofmann, S. G., Rosenfield, D., Hopkins, L. B., Costa, P. T., Simon, N. M., O’Cleirigh, C. M., Meuret, A. E., Marques, L. M., Otto, M. W., et al. (2013) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0034120 · Cited by 46
Self-citationMediators in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Severe Health Anxiety
Hedman, E., Andersson, E., Andersson, G., Lindefors, N., Lekander, M., Rück, C., & Ljótsson, B. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077752 · Cited by 43
BARSKY, A. J. (1996) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(96)71598-0 · Cited by 43
Course of hypochondriasis in an international primary care study
Simon, G. E., Gureje, O., & Claudio Fullerton, U. (2001) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0163-8343(01)00115-3 · Cited by 43
Greeven, A. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.164.1.91 · Cited by 40
Nakao, M., Shinozaki, Y., Ahern, D. K., & BARSKY, A. J. (2011) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000320122 · Cited by 39
Outcomes of Acute Phase Cognitive Therapy in Outpatients with Anxious versus Nonanxious Depression
Smits, J. A. J., Minhajuddin, A., Thase, M. E., & Jarrett, R. B. (2012) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000334909 · Cited by 32
Self-citationHypochondriasis and related disorders
House, A. O. (1989) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0163-8343(89)90035-2 · Cited by 28
A Randomized Trial of Treatments for High-Utilizing Somatizing Patients
BARSKY, A. J., Ahern, D. K., Bauer, M. R., Nolido, N. V., & Orav, E. J. (2013) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-013-2392-6 · Cited by 28
Hypochondriasis, Somatoform Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders
Gropalis, M., Bleichhardt, G. M., Witthöft, M., & Hiller, W. (2012) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e31825322e5 · Cited by 26
Bourgault-Fagnou, M. D., & Hadjistavropoulos, H. D. (2012) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2012.717302 · Cited by 25
Hypochondriasis: Conceptualization, Treatment, and Relationship to Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Abramowitz, J. S. (2005) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/10401230500295339 · Cited by 25
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Hypochondriasis
Warwick, H. M. C., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2001) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195126761.003.0014 · Cited by 20
Hypochondriasis: Modern Perspectives on an Ancient Malady
Wise, T. N. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1444-a · Cited by 20
Bernstein, I. C. (1975) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1975.01760260105009 · Cited by 19
Predicting the effect of psychoeducational group treatment for hypochondriasis
Buwalda, F. M., & Bouman, T. K. (2008) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.602 · Cited by 14
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Unexplained Physical Symptoms: Process and Prognostic Factors
Speckens, A. E. M., Spinhoven, P., van Hemert, A. M., Bolk, J. H., & Hawton, K. E. (1997) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465800018580 · Cited by 10
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Lesse, 1980, Masked depression-the ubiquitous but unappreciated syndrome, Psychiatric Journal of the University of Ottawa, 5, 268
- Warwick, 1996, Controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural treatment of hypochondriasis, British Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 189, 10.1192/bjp.169.2.189 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mental Health Smartphone Apps: Review and Evidence-Based Recommendations for Future Developments
Bakker, D., Kazantzis, N., Rickwood, D., & Rickard, N. (2016) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.4984 · Cited by 886
Watson, D., Levin‐Aspenson, H. F., Waszczuk, M. A., Conway, C. C., Dalgleish, T., Dretsch, M. N., Eaton, N. R., Forbes, M. K., Forbush, K. T., Hobbs, K. A., et al. (2022) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20943 · Cited by 311
Rathbone, A. L., Clarry, L., & Prescott, J. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.8598 · Cited by 158
Newby, J. M., Hobbs, M. J., Mahoney, A. E. J., Wong, S. (., & Andrews, G. (2017) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.07.010 · Cited by 148
Health anxiety and hypochondriasis in the light of DSM-5
Bailer, J., Kerstner, T., Witthöft, M., Diener, C., Mier, D. U., & Rist, F. (2015) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2015.1036243 · Cited by 130
Metadata
- Authors
- Olatunji, B. O., Kauffman, B. Y., Meltzer, S., Davis, M. L., Smits, J. A. J., & Powers, M. B.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Corresponding author
- Olatunji, Bunmi O.
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-07
- Volume
- 58
- Pages
- 65-74
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2078070910
- Cited by
- 167
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 2.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy, health anxiety, treatment outcomes, treatment moderators, depression, symptom severity, dose-response relationship, waitlist control, usual care
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Depression, Humans, Hypochondriasis, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
