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Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for children with anxiety disorders: A randomised controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been shown to be an effective treatment for anxiety disorders in children, but few affected seek or receive treatment. Internet-delivered CBT (ICBT) could be a way to increase the availability of empirically supported treatments. AIMS: A randomised controlled trial was conducted to evaluate ICBT for children with anxiety disorders. METHOD: Families (N = 93) with a child aged 8-12 years with a principal diagnosis of generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, separation anxiety, social phobia or specific phobia were recruited through media advertisement. Participants were randomised to 10 weeks of ICBT with therapist support, or to a waitlist control condition. The primary outcome measure was the Clinician Severity Rating (CSR) and secondary measures included child- and parent-reported anxiety. Assessments were made at pre-treatment, post-treatment and at three-month follow-up. RESULTS: At post-treatment, there were significant reductions on CSR in the treatment group, with a large between-group effect size (Cohen's d = 1.66). Twenty per cent of children in the treatment group no longer met criteria for their principal diagnosis at post-treatment and at follow-up this number had increased to 50%. Parent-reported child anxiety was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the waitlist group at post-treatment, with a small between-group effect size (Cohen's d = 0.45). There were no significant differences between the groups regarding child-ratings of anxiety at post-treatment. Improvements were maintained at three-month follow-up, although this should be interpreted cautiously due to missing data. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, results suggest that ICBT with therapist support for children with anxiety disorders can reduce clinician- and parent-rated anxiety symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01533402.
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“Similarly, Internet-delivered CBT has shown treatment effects comparable to those of face-to-face CBT for pediatric anxiety disorders [27].”
From Developing a primary care-based cognitive behavioral intervention for anxiety in children through a participatory approach: a qualitative study. (2026) · cites this paper as [27]
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“According to a previous study using three kinds of rating scales (doctor-rated, parent-rated and child-rated) to measure anxiety in the same children, the doctor-rated scale produced the least similar results among the three kinds of rating scales, while the parent-rated scale showed smaller differences than the doctor-rated scale, and the self-rated scale showed no differences [34].”
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BackgroundResultInfluential
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Grills, 2003, Vol. 42(1), 30
Cited by
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Hollis, C., Falconer, C. J., Martin, J. L., Whittington, C., Stockton, S., Glazebrook, C., & Davies, E. B. (2017) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12663 · Cited by 846
“…the CYP participants (Melnyk et al., 2015; Saekow et al., 2015; Stasiak et al., 2014), the CYP participant and their parents (Arnold et al., 2013; Storch et al., 2015; Thomeer et al., 2015; Vigerland et al., 2016) or from the CYP’s parents only (FletcherWatson et al., 2016; Steiner et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialVigerland, S., Lenhard, F., Bonnert, M., Lalouni, M., Hedman, E., Ahlen, J., Olén, O., Serlachius, E., & Ljótsson, B. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.09.005 · Cited by 292
“Four of the included studies were written by coauthors of this review (Bonnert et al., 2014; Lenhard et al., 2014; Vigerland et al., 2013; Vigerland et al., 2016).”
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Andrén, P., Jakubovski, E., Murphy, T. L., Woitecki, K., Tárnok, Z., Zimmerman‐Brenner, S., van de Griendt, J., Debes, N. M., Viefhaus, P., Robinson, S. J., et al. (2021) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-021-01845-z · Cited by 194
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Metadata
- Authors
- Vigerland, S., Ljótsson, B., Thulin, U., Öst, L.-G., Andersson, G., & Serlachius, E.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Linköping University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Vigerland, Sarah
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 76
- Pages
- 47-56
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2175826023
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 8
- FWCI
- 17.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Stockholm County Council (HNS 9576)
- Stockholm County Council and the Karolinska Institutet (ALF 20110278, 20120070)
- Claes Groschinsky foundation (SF11 147)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy, childhood anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, therapist support, parent-reported anxiety
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Panic Disorder, Treatment Outcome, Internet
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