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Transcranial direct current stimulation: State of the art 2008
Open accessAbstract
Effects of weak electrical currents on brain and neuronal function were first described decades ago. Recently, DC polarization of the brain was reintroduced as a noninvasive technique to alter cortical activity in humans. Beyond this, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of different cortical areas has been shown, in various studies, to result in modifications of perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral functions. Moreover, preliminary data suggest that it can induce beneficial effects in brain disorders. Brain stimulation with weak direct currents is a promising tool in human neuroscience and neurobehavioral research. To facilitate and standardize future tDCS studies, we offer this overview of the state of the art for tDCS.
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“tDCS is thought to affect neuroplasticity via modulating cellular, molecular and neurochemical mechanisms involved in use-dependent local and distant synaptic plasticity, i.e., GABA and glutamate-mediated long-term potentiation (Nitsche et al., 2008; Kim et al., 2014)”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Nitsche et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Given that tDCS is thought to affect neuroplasticity (Nitsche et al., 2008; Kim et al., 2014),”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Nitsche et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to be an effective non-invasive technique for research conducted with both healthy8 and clinical subjects9 in the domain of social cognition10.”
In the citing paper
“The effects of tDCS on neuronal excitability have now been demonstrated in numerous neuroimaging and physiological studies, providing a sound neurobiological basis for its use for neuromodulation in patient populations.1,3”
From Transcranial direct current stimulation for depression: 3-week, randomised, sham-controlled trial (2012) · cites this paper as [3]
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Cites
Nitsche, M. A., & Paulus, W. (2000) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x · Cited by 5,656 · cited 4×
“For 4 seconds of tDCS, which elicits no after-effects, a break of 10 seconds between each period of stimulation is sufficient.(13) For tDCS durations that produce short-lasting (namely, for about 10 minutes) after-effects, a 1-hour break between stimulation sessions is sufficient.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationSustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans
Nitsche, M. A., & Paulus, W. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.10.1899 · Cited by 2,617 · cited 1×
“For tDCS durations resulting in long-lasting after-effects (1 hour or more), an intersession interval of 48 hours to 1 week has been suggested.(14,15,43) If repetitive tDCS is performed to prolong and stabilize long-lasting after-effects, subjects are generally stimulated once a day.”
BackgroundSelf-citationNitsche, M. A., Fricke, K., Henschke, U., Schlitterlau, A., Liebetanz, D., Lang, N., Henning, S. J., Tergau, F., & Paulus, W. (2003) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2003.049916 · Cited by 1,587
Self-citationGandiga, P. C., Hummel, F. C., & Cohen, L. G. (2006) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2005.12.003 · Cited by 1,474 · cited 2×
“Compared with TMS, it is easier to conduct placebo stimulation-controlled studies with tDCS, because, with the exception of a slight itching sensation and sensory phenomena, including retinal phosphenes with current switching, subjects rarely experience sensations related to the treatment.(26) To reduce cutaneous sens…”
MethodSelf-citationLiebetanz, D. (2002) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awf238 · Cited by 1,383
Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of prefrontal cortex enhances working memory
Fregni, F., Boggio, P. S., Nitsche, M., Bermpohl, F., Antal, A., Feredoes, E., Marcolin, M. A., Rigonatti, S. P., Silva, M. T. A., Paulus, W., et al. (2005) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-005-2334-6 · Cited by 1,159 · cited 1×
“For tDCS durations resulting in long-lasting after-effects (1 hour or more), an intersession interval of 48 hours to 1 week has been suggested.(14,15,43) If repetitive tDCS is performed to prolong and stabilize long-lasting after-effects, subjects are generally stimulated once a day.”
BackgroundSelf-citationSafety aspects of transcranial direct current stimulation concerning healthy subjects and patients
Poreisz, C., Boros, K., Antal, A., & Paulus, W. (2007) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.01.004 · Cited by 1,153 · cited 3×
“Moreover, these protocols were tested in more than 2000-3000 subjects in laboratories worldwide with no serious side effects, except for a slight itching under the electrode, and seldom-occurring headache, fatigue, and nausea.(34) It is also possible that longer-lasting protocols are safe, because stimulation of up to…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationEffects of non-invasive cortical stimulation on skilled motor function in chronic stroke
Hummel, F. C. (2005) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh369 · Cited by 1,141
Self-citationNitsche, M. A., Schauenburg, A., Lang, N., Liebetanz, D., Exner, C., Paulus, W., & Tergau, F. (2003) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892903321662994 · Cited by 1,032
Self-citationBindman, L. J., Lippold, O. C. J., & Redfearn, J. W. T. (1964) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1964.sp007425 · Cited by 969 · cited 2×
“With constant current density, increasing stimulation duration determined the occurrence and duration of after-effects in humans and animals.(3,13-15) Therefore tDCS protocols should state current strength and shape, electrode size, and stimulation duration for comparability between studies.”
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- Fregni, 2008, Cortical stimulation of the prefrontal cortex with transcranial direct current stimulation reduces cue-provoked smoking craving: a randomized, sham-controlled study, J Clin Psychiatry, 69, 32, 10.4088/JCP.v69n0105 · DOI
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Transcranial electrical stimulation modifies the neuronal response to psychosocial stress exposure
Antal, A., Fischer, T., Saiote, C., Miller, R. E., Chaieb, L., Wang, D. J. J., Plessow, F., Paulus, W., & Kirschbaum, C. (2013) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22434 · Cited by 61
Self-citationEnhancing Consolidation of a New Temporal Motor Skill by Cerebellar Noninvasive Stimulation
Wessel, M. J., Zimerman, M., Timmermann, J. E., Heise, K.-F., Gerloff, C. P., & Hummel, F. C. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu335 · Cited by 67
“In all conditions, the current was appliedwith a 8-s fade-in and fade-out interval to attenuate itching sensations and avoid phosphenes (Nitsche et al. 2008).”
MethodSelf-citationNon-invasive brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease: Exploiting crossroads of cognition and mood
Dinkelbach, L., Brambilla, M., Manenti, R., & Brem, A. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.021 · Cited by 61
“…brain stimulation: neurobiological mechanisms f action About fifteen years ago, tDCS was rediscovered as a safe and asy-to-apply NIBS technique (Nitsche et al., 2008). tDCS shifts the euronal membrane resting potential in the underlying brain tisue through application of a low electrical…”
BackgroundMethodLi, Y., Fan, J., Yang, J., He, C., & Li, S. (2018) · Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience · doi:10.3233/rnn-170770 · Cited by 61
“The anode represents the positively charged electrode while the cathode represents the negatively charged one (Nitsche et al., 2008).”
tDCS in Addiction and Impulse Control Disorders
Lapenta, O. M., Marques, L. M., do Rêgo, G. G., Comfort, W. E., & Boggio, P. S. (2018) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0000000000000541 · Cited by 63
Self-citationTranscranial Direct Current Stimulation in Psychiatric Disorders
Moffa, A. H., Brunoni, A. R., Nikolin, S., & Loo, C. K. A. (2018) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2018.05.002 · Cited by 65
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Gálvez, V., Alonzo, A., Martin, D. M., & Loo, C. K. A. (2012) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145712000041 · Cited by 59
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Self-citationLi, K., Liu, L., Yin, Q., Dun, W., Xu, X., Liu, J., & Zhang, M. (2016) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-016-9533-6 · Cited by 63
Cathodal tDCS increases stop-signal reaction time
Friehs, M. A., & Frings, C. (2019) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-019-00740-0 · Cited by 62
“As a result, the current flow was most pronounced in the rDLPFC.2 This is in line with the recommendations provided by Nitsche et al. (2008).”
ResultMarques, L. M., Morello, L. Y. N., & Boggio, P. S. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-33711-5 · Cited by 59
Self-citationSchmaußer, M., Hoffmann, S., Raab, M., & Laborde, S. (2022) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.25062 · Cited by 59
Transcranial direct current stimulation effects on I-wave activity in humans
Lang, N., Nitsche, M. A., Dileone, M., Mazzone, P. A. M., Ares, J. D. A., Diaz-Jara, L., Paulus, W., Lazzaro, V. D., & Oliviero, A. (2011) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00617.2010 · Cited by 59
Self-citationAuditory cortex stimulation to suppress tinnitus: mechanisms and strategies.
Zhang, J.-S. (2013) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2012.05.007 · Cited by 65
Subcortical Structures in Humans Can Be Facilitated by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
Nonnekes, J. H., Arrogi, A., Munneke, M. A. M., van Asseldonk, E. H. F., Nijhuis, L. B. O., Geurts, A. C. H., & Weerdesteyn, V. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107731 · Cited by 59
Heimrath, K., Sandmann, P., Becke, A., Müller, N. G., & Zaehle, T. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00056 · Cited by 59
Decreasing propensity to mind-wander with transcranial direct current stimulation
Kajimura, S., & Nomura, M. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.07.013 · Cited by 60
“The reference electrode was placed around AF7 over the LPFC (Bolognini et al., 2015; Nitsche et al., 2008).”
MethodHasan, A., Strube, W., Palm, U., & Wobrock, T. (2016) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv158 · Cited by 59
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Annarumma, L., D’Atri, A., Alfonsi, V., & Gennaro, L. D. (2018) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci8070137 · Cited by 62
Pimping inhibition: Anodal tDCS enhances stop-signal reaction time.
Friehs, M. A., & Frings, C. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/xhp0000579 · Cited by 61
Brighina, F., Curatolo, M., Cosentino, G., de Tommaso, M., Battaglia, G., Sarzi‐Puttini, P., Guggino, G., & Fierro, B. (2019) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00040 · Cited by 58
Marković, V., Vicario, C. M., Yavari, F., Salehinejad, M. A., & Nitsche, M. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.655947 · Cited by 64
Self-citationPavlova, E. L., Menshikova, A. A., Semenov, R. V., Bocharnikova, E. N., Gotovtseva, G. N., Druzhkova, T. A., Gersamia, A., Гудкова, А. А., & Guekht, A. B. (2017) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.12.004 · Cited by 62
Khedr, E. M., Elfetoh, N. A., Ali, A. M., & Noamany, M. (2014) · Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience · doi:10.3233/rnn-140392 · Cited by 59
Schmidt, S. H., Mante, A., Rönnefarth, M., Fleischmann, R., Gall, C., & Brandt, S. A. (2012) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2012.03.008 · Cited by 62
No Significant Effect of Prefrontal tDCS on Working Memory Performance in Older Adults
Nilsson, J., Lebedev, A. V., & Lövdén, M. (2015) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2015.00230 · Cited by 64
“ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 14 December 2015 doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00230”
BackgroundInfluentialBarbieri, M., Negrini, M., Nitsche, M. A., & Rivolta, D. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.12.030 · Cited by 62
“One way to potentially enhance human cognitive skills is via a non-invasive brain stimulation technique called transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) (Nitsche et al., 2008; Nitsche, Liebetanz, Antal, et al., 2003; Poreisz, Boros, Antal, & Paulus, 2007).”
Self-citationKhalighinejad, N., Di Costa, S., & Haggard, P. (2016) · Brain Stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2016.01.005 · Cited by 58
Craig, C. E., & Doumas, M. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170331 · Cited by 58
“Secondly, if using a standard bipolar montage, we would reduce the electrode size in order to improve focality and increase current density [56,57].”
MethodTranscranial Electrical Stimulation as a Tool to Enhance Attention
Reteig, L. C., Talsma, L. J., van Schouwenburg, M. R., & Slagter, H. A. (2017) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-017-0010-y · Cited by 57
“Anodal stimulation typically depolarizes the resting membrane potential, bringing neurons closer to their firing threshold, while cathodal stimulation generally decreases neuronal excitability (Nitsche et al. 2008).”
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“Each tDCS session began by seating the patient and probabilistically landmarking the left temporoparietal region on the scalp using the 10/20 EEG coordinate system (Nitsche et al., 2008).”
MethodGrabner, R. H., Krenn, J., Fink, A., Arendasy, M. E., & Benedek, M. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.10.035 · Cited by 58
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Self-citationGomez-Tames, J. D., Asai, A., & Hirata, A. (2019) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2019.11.018 · Cited by 58
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Altering risky decision-making: Influence of impulsivity on the neuromodulation of prefrontal cortex
Cheng, G. L. F., & Lee, T. M. C. (2015) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2015.1085895 · Cited by 57
“…assumed that anodal tDCS denotes upregulation and cathodal tDCS denotes downregulation of cortical excitability, as revealed in the motor cortex (Nitsche et al., 2008), this need not to be the case for the PFC. Unlike the motor cortex, the PFC does not have a proxy that directly reflect its…”
BackgroundCarlsen, A. N., Eagles, J. S., & MacKinnon, C. D. (2014) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.11.009 · Cited by 57
Minati, L., Campanhã, C., Critchley, H., & Boggio, P. S. (2012) · Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17588928.2011.628382 · Cited by 67
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“This questionnaire determined the presence and severity of possible side effects such as itching, tingling, burning sensations under electrodes (Nitsche et al., 2008; George & Aston-Jones, 2010) and also headache and pain during and after the stimulation.”
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“This procedure was congenial to generate the same neurosensory perceptions of the real stimulation conditions over the participants’ skin (Nitsche et al., 2008).”
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Self-citationTDCS to the right anterior temporal lobe facilitates insight problem-solving
Salvi, C., Beeman, M. J., Bikson, M., McKinley, R. A., & Grafman, J. H. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-57724-1 · Cited by 60
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Self-citationIt Takes Two: Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Combined With Neurorehabilitation
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Fairness, fast and slow: A review of dual process models of fairness
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Modulation of negative emotions through anodal tDCS over the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
Vergallito, A., Riva, P., Pisoni, A., & Lauro, L. J. R. (2018) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.07.037 · Cited by 55
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Comparing immediate transient tinnitus suppression using tACS and tDCS: a placebo-controlled study
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Parazzini, M., Fiocchi, S., & Ravazzani, P. (2012) · Bioelectromagnetics · doi:10.1002/bem.21708 · Cited by 55
Combining Transcranial Electrical Stimulation With Electroencephalography
Miniussi, C., Brignani, D., & Pellicciari, M. C. (2012) · Clinical EEG and Neuroscience · doi:10.1177/1550059412444976 · Cited by 59
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“There is evidence that vermis volume and cerebellar white matter structural integrity are impacted by aging (Raz et al., 1998; Luft et al., 1999; Rhyu et al., 1999; Sullivan et al., 2000; Sullivan & Pfefferbaum, 2006; Pagani et al., 2008; Kafri et al., 2013).”
BackgroundCarvalho, F. M., Brietzke, A. P., Gasparin, A., dos Santos, F. P., Vercelino, R., Ballester, R. F., Sanches, P. R. S., da Silva, D. P., Torres, I. L. D. S., Fregni, F., et al. (2018) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/57614 · Cited by 55
Self-citationPhysics of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Devices and Their History
Truong, D. Q., & Bikson, M. (2018) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0000000000000531 · Cited by 55
Rahimi, M. D., Fadardi, J. S., Saeidi, M., Bigdeli, I., & Kashiri, R. (2020) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2020.02.012 · Cited by 56
Effects of direct current stimulation on synaptic plasticity in a single neuron
Farahani, F., Kronberg, G., FallahRad, M., Oviedo, H. V., & Parra, L. C. (2021) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2021.03.001 · Cited by 60
Near-Infrared Light Increases Functional Connectivity with a Non-thermal Mechanism
Dmochowski, G. M., Shereen, A. D., Berisha, D. E., & Dmochowski, J. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex Communications · doi:10.1093/texcom/tgaa004 · Cited by 54
“The most popular approaches employ mild electric currents (Nitsche et al. 2008), magnetic fields (Hallett 2007), or ultrasonic pressure waves (Naor et al. 2016).”
Schneider, N., Dagan, M., Katz, R., Thumm, P. C., Brozgol, M., Giladi, N., Manor, B. D., Mirelman, A., & Hausdorff, J. M. (2021) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-021-00826-2 · Cited by 54
Zemestani, M., hosseinpanahi, O., Salehinejad, M. A., & Nitsche, M. A. (2022) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2803 · Cited by 57
“…et al., 2018). tDCS is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that induces long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD)-like plasticity in a polarity-dependent way, via application of weak direct electrical currents through the scalp (Nitsche et al., 2008; Polanía et al., 2018).”
BackgroundSelf-citationOpioid use disorder: current trends and potential treatments
Lee, Y. K., Gold, M. S., Blum, K., Thanos, P. K., Hanna, C., & Fuehrlein, B. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1274719 · Cited by 59
“Although not FDA-approved, tDCS has some evidence for utility in depression and addiction, and multiple clinical trials are ongoing for its use in neuropsychiatric conditions (81, 97–101).”
BackgroundPlow, E. B., Obretenova, S. N., Jackson, M. L., & Merabet, L. B. (2012) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1403.2012.00440.x · Cited by 54
Naro, A., Calabrò, R. S., Russo, M., Leo, A., Pollicino, P., Quartarone, A., & Bramanti, P. (2015) · Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience · doi:10.3233/rnn-140448 · Cited by 54
Advancing non-invasive neuromodulation clinical trials in children: Lessons from perinatal stroke
Kirton, A. (2016) · European Journal of Paediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.07.002 · Cited by 60
Cabral‐Calderín, Y., & Wilke, M. (2019) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858419828646 · Cited by 49
“Although the online combination of tACS and electrophysiological measures is very challenging due to tACS-induced artifacts, recent studies use advance methods for artifact removal which could be more frequently used (Neuling and others 2017; Noury and Siegel 2017, 2018).”
MethodWiegand, A., Sommer, A., Nieratschker, V., & Plewnia, C. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-43234-2 · Cited by 54
Effects of single-session transcranial direct current stimulation on reactive response inhibition
Friehs, M. A., Frings, C., & Hartwigsen, G. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.013 · Cited by 58
“tDCS is a type of non-invasive brain stimulation which can be used to modify the activity of the brain area under the stimulation electrodes (Nitsche et al., 2008) In short, the mechanism of action is time- and polarity-dependent, but effects may vary due to interindividual differences and external…”
BackgroundDouglas, Z. H., Maniscalco, B., Hallett, M., Wassermann, E. M., & He, B. J. (2015) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4894-14.2015 · Cited by 51
Self-citationBaumert, A., Buchholz, N., Zinkernagel, A., Clarke, P., MacLeod, C., Osinsky, R., & Schmitt, M. (2019) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-019-00726-y · Cited by 52
“We followed a standard procedure for the placement of the electrode over the left DLPFC and the application of current (duration, density, electrode size; Angelakis & Liouta, 2011; Nitsche et al., 2008).”
MethodZheng, E. Z., Wong, N. M. L., Yang, A. S. Y., & Lee, T. M. C. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-03003-w · Cited by 64
“It is a non-invasive neuromodulatory technique that modulates neuronal excitability by delivering weak electric current (1 – 2 mA) to the targeted brain regions [12, 13].”
BackgroundGenetic Modulation of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Effects on Cognition
Wiegand, A., Nieratschker, V., & Plewnia, C. (2016) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00651 · Cited by 52
“With using this method, a weak constant current is applied via scalp electrodes causing a subthreshold alteration of the resting membrane potential and, consequently, a modulation of cortical excitability (Nitsche et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialFernández, L., Rogasch, N. C., Do, M., Clark, G. M., Major, B. P., Teo, W., Byrne, L. K., & Enticott, P. G. (2020) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-019-01093-7 · Cited by 56
Borgomaneri, S., Serio, G., & Battaglia, S. (2020) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2020.09.002 · Cited by 54
Cosmo, C. S. A. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00111 · Cited by 51
“This sham procedure mimics the initial perception of stimulation; however, without modulating brain excitability (30–32).”
Penolazzi, B., Bergamaschi, S., Pastore, M., Villani, D., Sartori, G., & Mondini, S. (2014) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2014.977301 · Cited by 52
“Many recent studies have confirmed the efficacy of tDCS in altering, by facilitation or inhibition, several cognitive processes, both in healthy individuals and in psychiatric and neurological patients (Miniussi & Vallar, 2011; Nitsche et al., 2008; Nitsche & Paulus, 2011; Vallar & Bolognini, 2011).”
BackgroundAdachi, L. N. S., de Quevedo, A. S., de Souza, A., Scarabelot, V. L., Rozisky, J. R., de Oliveira, C., Filho, P. R. M., Medeiros, L. F., Fregni, F., Caumo, W., et al. (2015) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4212-1 · Cited by 52
Self-citationEffects of Dual Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Aphasia in Chronic Stroke Patients
Lee, S. Y., Cheon, H. J., Yoon, K. J., Chang, W. H., & Kim, Y. (2013) · Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.5535/arm.2013.37.5.603 · Cited by 55
Transcranial direct current stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex increased pain empathy
Wang, J., Wang, Y., Hu, Z., & Xiaoli Li, A. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.09.044 · Cited by 52
Cognitive neuroscience meets mathematics education
Smedt, B. D., Ansari, D., Grabner, R. H., Hannula‐Sormunen, M. M., Schneider, M., & Verschaffel, L. (2009) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2009.11.001 · Cited by 52
Modulating human sense of agency with non-invasive brain stimulation
Khalighinejad, N., & Haggard, P. (2015) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2015.04.015 · Cited by 52
Metadata
- Authors
- Nitsche, M. A., Cohen, L. G., Wassermann, E. M., Priori, A., Lang, N., Antal, A., Paulus, W., Hummel, F., Boggio, P. S., Fregni, F., & Pascual-Leone, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Göttingen (DE)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE)
- Universität Hamburg (DE)
- Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie (BR)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nitsche, Michael A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Brain Stimulation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-07
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 206-223
- ISSN
- 1876-4754 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-861X
- OpenAlex
- W2162932719
- Cited by
- 3,057
- References
- 122
- Citations by year
- 2026: 110 · 2025: 166 · 2024: 152 · 2023: 175 · 2022: 168 · 2021: 218 · 2020: 233 · 2019: 298 · 2018: 239 · 2017: 208 · 2016: 234 · 2015: 227 · 2014: 181 · 2013: 172 · 2012: 113
- FWCI
- 4.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doaj.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain stimulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Keywords
- transcranial direct current stimulation, non-invasive brain stimulation, cortical excitability, behavioral effects, brain disorders
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation, Humans, Research Design, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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