The DOI matches its Crossref record; 122 of the 122 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Transcranial direct current stimulation: State of the art 2008
Open accessAbstract
Effects of weak electrical currents on brain and neuronal function were first described decades ago. Recently, DC polarization of the brain was reintroduced as a noninvasive technique to alter cortical activity in humans. Beyond this, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of different cortical areas has been shown, in various studies, to result in modifications of perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral functions. Moreover, preliminary data suggest that it can induce beneficial effects in brain disorders. Brain stimulation with weak direct currents is a promising tool in human neuroscience and neurobehavioral research. To facilitate and standardize future tDCS studies, we offer this overview of the state of the art for tDCS.
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“tDCS is thought to affect neuroplasticity via modulating cellular, molecular and neurochemical mechanisms involved in use-dependent local and distant synaptic plasticity, i.e., GABA and glutamate-mediated long-term potentiation (Nitsche et al., 2008; Kim et al., 2014)”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Nitsche et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Given that tDCS is thought to affect neuroplasticity (Nitsche et al., 2008; Kim et al., 2014),”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Nitsche et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to be an effective non-invasive technique for research conducted with both healthy8 and clinical subjects9 in the domain of social cognition10.”
In the citing paper
“The effects of tDCS on neuronal excitability have now been demonstrated in numerous neuroimaging and physiological studies, providing a sound neurobiological basis for its use for neuromodulation in patient populations.1,3”
From Transcranial direct current stimulation for depression: 3-week, randomised, sham-controlled trial (2012) · cites this paper as [3]
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Cites
Nitsche, M. A., & Paulus, W. (2000) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x · Cited by 5,656 · cited 4×
“For 4 seconds of tDCS, which elicits no after-effects, a break of 10 seconds between each period of stimulation is sufficient.(13) For tDCS durations that produce short-lasting (namely, for about 10 minutes) after-effects, a 1-hour break between stimulation sessions is sufficient.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationSustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans
Nitsche, M. A., & Paulus, W. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.10.1899 · Cited by 2,617 · cited 1×
“For tDCS durations resulting in long-lasting after-effects (1 hour or more), an intersession interval of 48 hours to 1 week has been suggested.(14,15,43) If repetitive tDCS is performed to prolong and stabilize long-lasting after-effects, subjects are generally stimulated once a day.”
BackgroundSelf-citationNitsche, M. A., Fricke, K., Henschke, U., Schlitterlau, A., Liebetanz, D., Lang, N., Henning, S. J., Tergau, F., & Paulus, W. (2003) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2003.049916 · Cited by 1,587
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“Compared with TMS, it is easier to conduct placebo stimulation-controlled studies with tDCS, because, with the exception of a slight itching sensation and sensory phenomena, including retinal phosphenes with current switching, subjects rarely experience sensations related to the treatment.(26) To reduce cutaneous sens…”
MethodSelf-citationLiebetanz, D. (2002) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awf238 · Cited by 1,383
Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of prefrontal cortex enhances working memory
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“For tDCS durations resulting in long-lasting after-effects (1 hour or more), an intersession interval of 48 hours to 1 week has been suggested.(14,15,43) If repetitive tDCS is performed to prolong and stabilize long-lasting after-effects, subjects are generally stimulated once a day.”
BackgroundSelf-citationSafety aspects of transcranial direct current stimulation concerning healthy subjects and patients
Poreisz, C., Boros, K., Antal, A., & Paulus, W. (2007) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.01.004 · Cited by 1,153 · cited 3×
“Moreover, these protocols were tested in more than 2000-3000 subjects in laboratories worldwide with no serious side effects, except for a slight itching under the electrode, and seldom-occurring headache, fatigue, and nausea.(34) It is also possible that longer-lasting protocols are safe, because stimulation of up to…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationEffects of non-invasive cortical stimulation on skilled motor function in chronic stroke
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Self-citationBindman, L. J., Lippold, O. C. J., & Redfearn, J. W. T. (1964) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1964.sp007425 · Cited by 969 · cited 2×
“With constant current density, increasing stimulation duration determined the occurrence and duration of after-effects in humans and animals.(3,13-15) Therefore tDCS protocols should state current strength and shape, electrode size, and stimulation duration for comparability between studies.”
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Fregni, 2008, Cortical stimulation of the prefrontal cortex with transcranial direct current stimulation reduces cue-provoked smoking craving: a randomized, sham-controlled study, J Clin Psychiatry, 69, 32, 10.4088/JCP.v69n0105 · DOI
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“Direct current stimulation results in a shift of a cell’s membrane potential, influencing firing likelihood, as opposed to the rapid depolarisation which occurs from a TMS pulse (Nitsche et al., 2008; van Dun et al., 2016).”
BackgroundEffects of left DLPFC versus right PPC tDCS on multiple sclerosis fatigue
Chalah, M. A., Riachi, N. J., Ahdab, R., Mhalla, A., Abdellaoui, M., Créange, A., Lefaucheur, J., & Ayache, S. S. (2016) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2016.11.015 · Cited by 106
D1-Receptor Impact on Neuroplasticity in Humans
Nitsche, M. A., Kuo, M., Grosch, J., Bergner, C., Monte-Silva, K. K., & Paulus, W. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5366-08.2009 · Cited by 106
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Prospects of functional magnetic resonance imaging as lie detector
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Prefrontal cortex and impulsivity: Interest of noninvasive brain stimulation
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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Hippocampal Sclerosis
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Frontoparietal theta-gamma interactions track working memory enhancement with training and tDCS
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“Noninvasive neurostimulation techniques such as tDCS modulate the resting potentials of underlying neuronal populations (Nitsche and Paulus, 2001; Stagg and Nitsche, 2011; Nitsche et al., 2008) and are thought to facilitate neuroplasticity (Filmer et al., 2014).”
Targeting the neurophysiology of cognitive systems with transcranial alternating current stimulation
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“…activities during the completion of a task. tDCS consists of the application of a weak (0.5–2 mA), direct current through electrodes positioned over one’s scalp which are able to reach the neuronal tissue and induce a polarization-shifts on the resting membrane potential (Nitsche et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCharvet, L. E., Shaw, M., Dobbs, B., Frontario, A., Sherman, K., Bikson, M., Datta, A., Krupp, L., Zeinapour, E., & Kasschau, M. (2017) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1111/ner.12583 · Cited by 105
Ammann, C., Lindquist, M. A., & Celnik, P. A. (2017) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2017.04.003 · Cited by 104
Transcranial focused ultrasound pulsation suppresses pentylenetetrazol induced epilepsy in vivo
Chen, S.-G., Tsai, C.-H., Lin, C.-J., Lee, C., Yu, H., Hsieh, T.-H., & Liu, H.-L. (2019) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2019.09.011 · Cited by 104
Brain stimulation in psychiatry and its effects on cognition
Hoy, K. E., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2010.30 · Cited by 103
Russo, R., Wallace, D. R., Fitzgerald, P. B., & Cooper, N. R. (2013) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2013.05.009 · Cited by 103
Metadata
- Authors
- Nitsche, M. A., Cohen, L. G., Wassermann, E. M., Priori, A., Lang, N., Antal, A., Paulus, W., Hummel, F., Boggio, P. S., Fregni, F., & Pascual-Leone, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Göttingen (DE)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE)
- Universität Hamburg (DE)
- Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie (BR)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nitsche, Michael A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Brain Stimulation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-07
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 206-223
- ISSN
- 1876-4754 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-861X
- OpenAlex
- W2162932719
- Cited by
- 3,057
- References
- 122
- Citations by year
- 2026: 110 · 2025: 166 · 2024: 152 · 2023: 175 · 2022: 168 · 2021: 218 · 2020: 233 · 2019: 298 · 2018: 239 · 2017: 208 · 2016: 234 · 2015: 227 · 2014: 181 · 2013: 172 · 2012: 113
- FWCI
- 4.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doaj.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain stimulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Keywords
- transcranial direct current stimulation, non-invasive brain stimulation, cortical excitability, behavioral effects, brain disorders
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation, Humans, Research Design, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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