BDNF plasma levels after antidepressant treatment with sertraline and transcranial direct current stimulation: Results from a factorial, randomized, sham-controlled trial
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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation intervention that modifies cortical excitability according to the stimulation parameters. Preclinical and clinical studies in healthy volunteers suggest that tDCS induces neuroplastic alterations of cortical excitability, which might explain its clinical effects in major depressive disorder (MDD). We therefore examined whether tDCS, as compared to the antidepressant sertraline, increases plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, a neurotrophin associated with neuroplasticity. Patients (n=73) with major depressive disorder were randomized to active/sham tDCS and sertraline/placebo (four groups) in this 6-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. We measured BDNF plasma levels at baseline and endpoint, observing no significant changes of BDNF levels after treatment. In addition, no significant changes were observed in responders and non-responders as well as no relationships between BDNF levels and clinical and psychopathological variables related to depression. Thus, in one of the few placebo-controlled trials evaluating BDNF changes over an antidepressant treatment course, we did not observe BDNF increase regardless of clinical improvement in depressed patients. Regarding tDCS, BDNF plasma levels might not be a good candidate biomarker to evaluate depression improvement or be a predictor of response in patients treated with tDCS, as our results showed that BDNF increase was not necessary to induce clinical response. Finally, our findings do not support a relationship between BDNF and improvement of depression.
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Postmortem studies revealed that treatment-resistant MDD patients have significantly lower BDNF levels, especially in BDNF-rich brain structures, such as the hippocampus.
“Postmortem studies revealed that these treatment-resistant patients have significantly lower BDNF levels, especially in BDNF-rich brain structures, such as the hippocampus [68–70].”
From Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Brain Disorders: Focus on Neuroinflammation (2019) · cites this paper as [68]
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- Authors
- Brunoni, A. R., Machado-Vieira, R., Zarate, C. A., Vieira, E. L. M., Vanderhasselt, M.-A., Nitsche, M. A., Valiengo, L., Benseñor, I. M., Lotufo, P. A., Gattaz, W. F., & Teixeira, A. L.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Ghent University (BE)
- University of Göttingen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Brunoni, André R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Neuropsychopharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-07
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1144-1151
- ISSN
- 0924-977X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4081041
- OpenAlex
- W1992883071
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 4.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- European Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- GRO (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation (2009/05728-7)
- FAPEMIG
- CNPq
- Associação Beneficente Alzira Denise da Silva (ABADHS)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Keywords
- brain-derived neurotrophic factor, plasma BDNF levels, transcranial direct current stimulation, sertraline, major depressive disorder, antidepressant response, depression biomarkers, neuroplasticity, cortical excitability
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Combined Modality Therapy, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Sertraline, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
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