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It's the Thought That Counts: Examining the Task-dependent Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Executive Function
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Background Prior investigations employing transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have shown that stimulation can elicit subsequent improvement on tests of various cognitive abilities, including working memory. While stimulation parameters such as intensity and duration are known to determine the effects of tDCS, the degree to which stimulation effects are influenced by the nature of cognitive activities during stimulation remains unclear. Objective/hypothesis To determine whether manipulating the working memory load of a task performed during stimulation would modulate tDCS-induced enhancement of performance on a different, related measure after stimulation. Methods In two separate but closely related sham-controlled experiments, two groups of healthy subjects underwent anodal tDCS (2 mA) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for 20 min. In Experiment 1, subjects (n = 11) trained on a letter 3Back task during stimulation. In Experiment 2 subjects (n = 11) trained on a letter 1Back task, which resembled the 3Back task but featured a lower working memory load. In both experiments, before and after stimulation, subjects completed an adjusting Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (A-PASAT). Both the experimenter and subjects were blind to stimulation conditions in both experiments. Results Subjects were both faster and more accurate on the A-PASAT task after receiving real tDCS paired with 3Back training (Experiment1) compared to sham+3Back, real+1Back, and sh…
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“Cognitive training task difficulty may also impact the efficacy of tDCS, as behavioral improvements occur specifically when stimulation is paired with higher demanding tasks [67].”
From Primary outcome from the augmenting cognitive training in older adults study (ACT): A tDCS and cognitive training randomized clinical trial (2023) · cites this paper as [67]
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“Methods: In two separate but closely related sham-controlled experiments, two groups of healthy subjects underwent anodal tDCS (2 mA) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for 20 min.”
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“While these stimulation parameters can serve as a rule of thumb for tDCS of other areas, participant groups, and experimental conditions, a one-to-one transferability of effects found in studies of motor cortices cannot be taken for granted due to state-dependency of tDCS effects, anatomical differences, and other fac…”
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Transcranial Electrical Stimulation
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gill, J., Shah-Basak, P. P., & Hamilton, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hamilton, Roy
- Venue
- Brain Stimulation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 253-259
- ISSN
- 1876-4754 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-861X
- OpenAlex
- W2047762347
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 10
- FWCI
- 12.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doaj.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain stimulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- University of Pennsylvania – Center for Undergraduate Research for funding this research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- transcranial direct current stimulation, executive function, working memory load, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anodal tDCS, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, 3-back task, non-invasive brain stimulation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Psychomotor Performance, Prefrontal Cortex, Young Adult, Executive Function, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
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